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Computer Science OCR > Unit 1 - – Memory and storage > Flashcards

Unit 1 - – Memory and storage Flashcards

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1
Q

What is RAM?

A

This stands for random access memory and is a short term data storage and stores information that is actively being used by the computer.

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2
Q

What is ROM?

A

This stands for read-only memory and is used to store startup instructions on a computer

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3
Q

What are some properties of RAM?

A

Ram is volatile
Ram has more storage capacity
Ram is faster

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4
Q

What are some properties of ROM?

A

Rom is volatile
Rom has less storage capacity
Rom is slower

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5
Q

What is virtual memory?

A

virtual memory is extra memory that is taken from the storage and used as memory when it is needed.

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6
Q

What is Secondary Storage for ?

A

We use secondary storage to store data files and information so that we can access it later.

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7
Q

How does Secondary Storage work?

A

Secondary storage is non-volatile and long term, so if you turn off the computer everything is still saved.

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8
Q

What are the three types of Secondary Storage?

A

Solid State time
Optical Drive
Magnetic Drive

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9
Q

How does a Solid State Drive work?

A

Made up of micro transistors and everything is stored in 1s and 0s

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10
Q

What are some properties of Solid state drives?

A 
Large capacity
Very fast
Very portable
Very durable
Very reliable
Expensive
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11
Q

How does an Optical Drive work?

A

A laser is used to create marks in a patterns on the disk

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12
Q

What are some properties of Optical Drives?

A 
Limited space 
Takes a long time to load
Can be carried around(needs an optical drive)
Can get scratched and damaged
Once damaged it is unusable
Cheap
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13
Q

How does a Magnetic Drive work?

A

Everything is stored on the medium and read by the small reader.

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14
Q

What are some properties of Magnetic Drives?

A 
Can store unlimited data
Not as fast as SSD
They are not really portable
The internal disk can be scratched
They are reliable 
They are cheap
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15
Q

What are the Units of Data Storage?

A 
o Bit
o Nibble (4 bits)
o Byte (8 bits)
o Kilobyte (1,000 bytes or 1 KB)
o Megabyte (1,000 KB)
o Gigabyte (1,000 MB)
o Terabyte (1,000 GB)
o Petabyte (1,000 TB)
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16
Q

Why do computers use binary?

A

This is because it is the universal computer language and the computer consists of transistors which consists of 1s and 0s.

17
Q

How are characters represented?

A

Characters are represented using character sets.

18
Q

What is a character set?

A

A character set are tables of data that link a character to an number

19
Q

What are some examples of character sets?

A

ASCII

Unicode

20
Q

How is ASCII represented?

A

ASCII is the 8 bit representation of English keyboard characters.

21
Q

What is Unicode?

A

The same as ASCII, however it is 32 bits.

22
Q

What are Images made up of?

A

Images are made up of lots of different elements called pixels which are represented in binary.

Each pixel is a dot that stores binary data of its colour.

23
Q

What is color depth?

A

Colour depth is the number of bits used for each pixel.

The more bits, the more colours available

24
Q

What is Meta Data?

A

Digital images are stored as data files. Metadata is the information that is stored about each image.

25
Q

What details does Meta Data include?

A 
Metadata can include details like
Width in pixels
Height in pixels
Horizontal resolution in dpi
Vertical resolution in dpi
Colour (bit) depth
Dimension
26
Q

How is Sound stored?

A

Computers are digital (binary) sound is analogue. It needs to be Encoded to convert it in to binary

27
Q

What is sampling?

A

This is measuring the height of sound wave a regular intervals and storing it as binary.

28
Q

What is Bit depth?

A

The number of bit used to represent each sample of data

29
Q

What is Sample rate?

A

The number of audio samples captured every second.

30
Q

What is Duration?

A

Duration is how long the audio file will be played

31
Q

How do we calculate sound file size?

A

sound file size = sample rate x duration (s) x bit depth

32
Q

How do we calculate Image file size?

A

image file size = colour depth x image height (px) x image width(px)

33
Q

How do we calculate Text File size?

A

text file size = bits per character x number of characters

34
Q

What is Denary?

A

Denary is standard numbers (eg.10)

35
Q

How do you convert Binary to Denary?

A

110 =

4 - 2 - 1
1 - 1 - 0
4 + 2 + 0

= 6

36
Q

What is the conversion between Binary, Hex and Denary?

A 
Hex    Denary   Binary
0             0          0000
1              1           0001
2             2           0010
3             3           0011
4             4           0100
5             5           0101
6             6           0110
7             7           0111
8             8           1000
9             9           1001
A            10           1010
B            11            1011
C            12           1100
D            13           1101
E             14           1110
F             15           1111
37
Q

How do you convert Binary To Hexadecimal

A 
Hex    Denary   Binary
0             0          0000
1              1           0001
2             2           0010
3             3           0011
4             4           0100
5             5           0101
6             6           0110
7             7           0111
8             8           1000
9             9           1001
A            10           1010
B            11            1011
C            12           1100
D            13           1101
E             14           1110
F             15           1111
                       01111100
                      |              |
                  0111            1100
                       |              |
                      7              C
                         |          |
                             7C

Computer Science OCR (2 decks)

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