Unit 1: Matter, Trends and Bonding Flashcards
To learn the structure and how to describe them
What is a physical property
A property that can be measured without changing the chemical makeup of the substance
What is a chemical property
How a substance chemicaly reacts with other substances
What is a qualitative property
An odservation that describes a characteristic of a substance using written descriptive terms only
What is a quantitative observation
An observation that describes a characteristic of a substance using measurements or calculations
What is an isotope
atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
What is a radioisotope
an isotope with an unstable nucleus due to not enough neutrons or too many neutrons
What is isotope abundance
the average amount of a given isotope of an element that exists in nature
What is an ion
atoms that gain or lose electrons to become stable
What is a cation
a positively charged ion
What is an anion
A negative negatively charged ion
What is an ionic compound
metals and nonmetals transfer electrons to create stable ions because of opposite charges
What is a polar compound
you can put a line through the element and have a positive and a negative side
What is a non-polar compound
there’s symmetry and the negative and the positive side cancel
What is a polar bond
unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms creating positive charges with an Alexa tro negativity difference of 0.6 to 1.6
What is a non-polar Bond
relatively equal sharing of electrons between two atoms has an electronegativity difference of 0 to 0.5
What is an ionic bond
with a electronegativity difference of 1.7 and higher
what is the atomic
the distance from the center to its boundary where the electrons travel the radius gets larger down and to the right of the periodic table
what is ionization energy
the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom removing one electron increases to the right and decreases down the periodic
What is electron affinity
the amount of energy released or absorbed when an atom gains an electron increases across an decreases down
What is electronegativity
an atom’s ability to attract a pair of electrons in a chemical bond between two Adams increases across a. And decreases down
what is an ionic Force
full charge attraction between cations and and anions
what is hydrogen bonding
strong partial charge attraction between two polar molecules containing h f h o and h n
what is dipole dipole forces
parcel charge attraction between opposite ends of two polar molecules
what is London dispersion forces
attraction force between the positive nuclei of atoms in one molecule and and the electrons in a neighboring molecule the larger the molecule the greater the attraction
