Unit 1: Matter, Chemical Trends, Bonding

Question 1

atomic model

Answer 1

1. democritus - 400 BC
   atomos: smallest piece of matter, “not to be cut”
2. aristotle/plato
   earth, water, fire, air
3. dalton - early 1800s
   atom
4. thomson - 1897
   atom = + charge substance & - electron scattered
5. rutherford - 1908
   nucleus + electrons orbit around
6. bohr - 1913
   electron levels
7. quantum model
   electrons behave like waves, do not orbit around definite path, electon clouds

Question 2

atom

Answer 2

smallest particle of an element which retains its identities and properties

Question 3

isotope

Answer 3

same element w/ different # of neutrons

Question 4

radioactivity

Answer 4

spontaneous emission of radiation from nucleus of an atom

Question 5

column

Answer 5

group/family

Question 6

row

Answer 6

period

Question 7

properties of metals

Answer 7

1. reaction with water: form bases
2. malleability: malleable/ductile
3. conductivity: good
4. density: high
5. boiling point = high
6. lustser = lustrous

Question 8

properties of nonmetals

Answer 8

1. reaction with water: form bases
2. malleability: brittle
3. conductive: poor
4. density: low
5. boiling point: low
6. lustre: dull

Question 9

alkali metal

Answer 9

group 1
very reactive, especially with water

Question 10

alkaline earth metal

Answer 10

group 2
reactive but less than alkali metals

Question 11

halogens

Answer 11

group 17
very reactive
halogen + water = acid
halogen + metal = salt

Question 12

noble gases

Answer 12

gases at STP
not reactive

Question 13

liquid elements

Answer 13

Hg, Br

Question 14

gases

Answer 14

noble gases, O, H, N, F, Cl

Question 15

ion

Answer 15

atom gain/lost electrons

Question 16

anion

Answer 16

atom gain electron + negative charge

Question 17

cation

Answer 17

atom lose electron + positive charge

Question 18

isoelectronic

Answer 18

having same number of electrons as nearest noble gas

Question 19

largest atomic radius

Answer 19

fr

Question 19

atomis radius

Answer 19

left -> right = decreases
affected by:
# of protons
down: increases
affected by: # electron shells

Question 19

smallest atomic radius

Answer 19

he

Question 19

ionization energy

Answer 19

energy required to remove e- from valence energy level and form a cation

Question 19

ie trend

Answer 19

left –> right: increases
bc of # of protons/size
down: decreases
bc of energy levels/size

Question 20

highest IE

Answer 20

he

Question 21

lowest IE

Answer 21

fr

Question 22

electron affinity

Answer 22

energy released when atom gains electron to form anion
easier to add e- = more energy released

Question 23

ea trend

Answer 23

left –> right = increase
bc of # protons/size
down = decrease
bc of electron shell/size

Question 24

lowest ea

Answer 24

Fr

Question 25

highest ea

Answer 25

F

Question 26

reactivity

Answer 26

metals
left + down = increase
nonmetals
right + up = increase

Question 27

most reactive metal

Answer 27

fr

Question 28

most reactive nonmetal

Answer 28

f

Question 29

ionic compound properties

Answer 29

1. crystalline solid at room temperature
2. high melting point
3. electrical conductivity
4. high solubility

Question 30

covalent compound properties

Answer 30

1. all states
2. low melting pt
3. no electric conductivity
4. low solubility

Question 31

electronegativity

Answer 31

atom’s ability to attract electrons in chemical bond

Question 32

EN trend

Answer 32

left to right = EN up
down: EN down

Question 33

EN difference

Answer 33

< 0.5 nonpolar
> 0.5 < 1.7 polar
> 1.7 ionic

Question 34

single covalent bond

Answer 34

sharing one pair of valence electrons

Question 35

double covalent bond

Answer 35

sharing two pairs of valence electrons

Question 36

triple covalent bond

Answer 36

sharing three pairs of valence electrons