Unit 1: Matter, Chemical Trends, Bonding Flashcards

1
Q

atomic model

A
  1. democritus - 400 BC
    atomos: smallest piece of matter, “not to be cut”
  2. aristotle/plato
    earth, water, fire, air
  3. dalton - early 1800s
    atom
  4. thomson - 1897
    atom = + charge substance & - electron scattered
  5. rutherford - 1908
    nucleus + electrons orbit around
  6. bohr - 1913
    electron levels
  7. quantum model
    electrons behave like waves, do not orbit around definite path, electon clouds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

atom

A

smallest particle of an element which retains its identities and properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

isotope

A

same element w/ different # of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

radioactivity

A

spontaneous emission of radiation from nucleus of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

column

A

group/family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

row

A

period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

properties of metals

A
  1. reaction with water: form bases
  2. malleability: malleable/ductile
  3. conductivity: good
  4. density: high
  5. boiling point = high
  6. lustser = lustrous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

properties of nonmetals

A
  1. reaction with water: form bases
  2. malleability: brittle
  3. conductive: poor
  4. density: low
  5. boiling point: low
  6. lustre: dull
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

alkali metal

A

group 1
very reactive, especially with water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

alkaline earth metal

A

group 2
reactive but less than alkali metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

halogens

A

group 17
very reactive
halogen + water = acid
halogen + metal = salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

noble gases

A

gases at STP
not reactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

liquid elements

A

Hg, Br

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

gases

A

noble gases, O, H, N, F, Cl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ion

A

atom gain/lost electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

anion

A

atom gain electron + negative charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cation

A

atom lose electron + positive charge

18
Q

isoelectronic

A

having same number of electrons as nearest noble gas

19
Q

largest atomic radius

19
Q

atomis radius

A

left -> right = decreases
affected by:
# of protons
down: increases
affected by: # electron shells

19
Q

smallest atomic radius

19
Q

ionization energy

A

energy required to remove e- from valence energy level and form a cation

19
Q

ie trend

A

left –> right: increases
bc of # of protons/size
down: decreases
bc of energy levels/size

20
Q

highest IE

21
lowest IE
fr
22
electron affinity
energy released when atom gains electron to form anion easier to add e- = more energy released
23
ea trend
left --> right = increase bc of # protons/size down = decrease bc of electron shell/size
24
lowest ea
Fr
25
highest ea
F
26
reactivity
metals left + down = increase nonmetals right + up = increase
27
most reactive metal
fr
28
most reactive nonmetal
f
29
ionic compound properties
1. crystalline solid at room temperature 2. high melting point 3. electrical conductivity 4. high solubility
30
covalent compound properties
1. all states 2. low melting pt 3. no electric conductivity 4. low solubility
31
electronegativity
atom's ability to attract electrons in chemical bond
32
EN trend
left to right = EN up down: EN down
33
EN difference
< 0.5 nonpolar > 0.5 < 1.7 polar > 1.7 ionic
34
single covalent bond
sharing one pair of valence electrons
35
double covalent bond
sharing two pairs of valence electrons
36
triple covalent bond
sharing three pairs of valence electrons