Unit 1: Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

why are lipids important?

A
provide long term source of energy
function as hormones
structural component of plasma membrane
provide insulation for animals
buoyancy for aquatic animals
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2
Q

what is the solubility of lipids?

A

insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents

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3
Q

what are the three main groups of lipids?

A

triglycerides, phospholipids and steroids

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4
Q

what are triglycerides composed of?

A

three fatty acids and a glycerol molecules by esterification

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5
Q

what is glycerol composed of?

A

3 carbons and 3 OH groups

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6
Q

what are fatty acids composed of?

A

a carboxylic group group at one end and a hydrocarbon tail at other

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7
Q

what is the main function of a triglyceride?

A

an energy store

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8
Q

what do plants and animals store energy as?

A

triglycerides as oil - plants

triglycerides as fats - animals

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9
Q

what happens to triglycerides during aerobic respiration?

A

triglycerides break down to form a 2c carbon compound that is fed into the citric acid cycle as acetyl coenzyme A

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10
Q

what is a saturated fatty acid?

A

has no C-C double bond, and have a very straight structure, packed closely

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11
Q

what is a unsaturated fatty acid?

A

have one or more C-C double bond, kinked in structure and cannot pack closely

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12
Q

what is released in the breakdown of triglycerides?

A

water

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13
Q

what is a phospholipid made up of?

A

two fatty acids, phosphate group and glycerol

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14
Q

what bonds joins the phosphate and the fatty acids to the glycerol?

A

an ester bond

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15
Q

explain what the head and tail of the phospholipid are?

A

the head is a phosphate group - polar - hydrophilic, the tail is a long hydrocarbon group - non polar - hydrophobic

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16
Q

what does cholesterol do to the membrane?

A

stiffen it

17
Q

why are unsaturated fatty acids present for membranes?

A

they add fluidity since the kinks don’t allow them to be tightly packed
allows transport of substances across the bilayer

18
Q

explain the connection between temperature and unsaturated and saturated fatty acids.

A

The colder the temperature the membrane is exposed to the more unsaturated fatty acids are present.
The warmer the temperature the more saturated fatty acids there are

19
Q

what structure do steroids have in common?

A

a 4 ring structure of 17 carbons

20
Q

why are steroids classed as lipids?

A

they are soluble in organic compounds but not water

21
Q

what makes a steroid different from another?

A

side chain

22
Q

what is the role of steroids?

A

as they can pass through the membrane, the play a part in cell signalling and hormonal function

23
Q

what additional components does cholesterol have?

A

an OH at the bottom left and an C8H17 on the top right

24
Q

what are the roles of cholesterol?

A

fit into the hydrophobic part of the phospholipid and reduces movement in the membrane
prevent solidification of the membrane at low temp

25
what is the structure of testosterone?
has double bond O at the bottom left and an OH group at the top right
26
what is testosterone important for?
muscle development and male puberty
27
what are anabolic steroids?
they help build muscle or allow people to train harder