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Social 30-1 > Unit 1: Liberalism & It's Origins > Flashcards

Unit 1: Liberalism & It's Origins Flashcards

1
Q

When in history was the seed of liberalism and democracy placed?

A

Ancient Greece (Ancient Athenian Democracy)

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2
Q

What peoples were thought to be the first to develop a true liberal form of government?

A

The Haudenosaunee (Included both men and women in the process, allowed for criticism from citizens).

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3
Q

Who was the peacemaker?

A

A Haudenosaunee person who led the Haudenosaunee to reject and embrace peace, created the great peace which lives on forever.

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4
Q

Do liberals believe in a progressive tax generally?

A

Yes.

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5
Q

What is the basic premise of the rule of law and what sparked its creation?

A

That nobody is above the law. It was adopted after people questioned how monarchies are passed with no questions or voting.

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6
Q

What is a direct democracy?

A

People Vote On Issues Instead Of Parties

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7
Q

What is an oligarchy?

A

a governmental system in which power is given in the hands of a small group of unelected people.

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8
Q

Who is John Locke & Thomas Hobbes?

A

liberal philosophers that advocated for democracy

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9
Q

When and what was the great enlightenment?

A

The late 17th century through the 18th century, until the Napoleonic wars. When men began to question Monarchy and “Divine Rule”

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10
Q

What revolutions were inspired by the ideals of the great enlightenment?

A

The American revolution and the French revolution

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11
Q

What is the social contract theory that was developed around the time of enlightenment?

A

a relationship and deal between the government and the people. People sacrificing something in return for something from the government, vice versa

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12
Q

What was Thomas Hobbe’s opinion on the social contract?

A

People sacrificing freedom for security provided by the government

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13
Q

What was John Locke’s opinion on the social contract?

A

People gaining freedom with little intervention from the government, only intervening with the peoples consent

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14
Q

Who was Montesquieu?

A

he was an Enlightenment thinker in France. He brought the ideas of fair trials, a free market, and the three branched of government, judicial, executive and legislative in France.

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15
Q

What is capitalism?

A

An economy run by free markets, privately owned companies, competition, job opportunities and supply and demand.

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16
Q

What is a free market system?

A

Another word for capitalism; the economy being dominated by a free market

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17
Q

What is the harm principle?

A

An idea where if what you are doing is not hurting other people, then it can be done with no government interference

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18
Q

What is the Laissez-Faire?

A

An economic theory that advocates for not government intervention in the economic affairs of people

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19
Q

What was mercantilism?

A

an economic system where the government regulates imports and restricts exports and trade between nations. Having full power over the economic status of the nation and accumulation of gold bullion

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20
Q

What is the tyranny of the majority?

A

Where the majority pursue their objectives at the expense of the minority

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21
Q

What is a domestic system?

A

Work done in/at home

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22
Q

What is the industrial revolution?

A

A time in great britain where mass industrialization began and capitalism was adopted. Application of technology and little government interference led to mass production of goods and Nouveau Riche

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23
Q

What does Nouveau Riche mean?

A

Newly wealthy people

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24
Q

What is urbanization?

A

Extension in urban boundaries and more population in cities and towns

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25
Q

Does conservatism align more with modern liberalism or classic liberalism?

A

classic liberalism: conservative beliefs often align with reverting back and/or sustaining older ideologies and less government intervention

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26
Q

Does liberalism align more with modern liberalism or classic liberalism?

A

modern liberalism: liberal beliefs often align with change and government intervention

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27
Q

What is the charter of rights and freedoms

A

The general outline for all human rights

28
Q

What is a parliament

A

A general body created of representatives of the people in the democracy

29
Q

Who is John Stuart Mill and what was his beliefs about human rights and the government?

A

a novelists that advocated for the idea of classic liberalism. He believed in individual rights such as freedom of speech, utilitarianism, the harm principle and womens rights. He also believed that the government should only have 3 jobs, preserve the rule of law,protect private property, and ensure the security of the individuals

30
Q

Who was Adam Smith and what was his beliefs?

A

A Scottish philosopher and economist. He advocated for free markets and capitalism, instrumental in the uprooting of classic liberalism.

31
Q

What is a liberal democracy?

A

A form of government where the rights and freedoms of individuals are guaranteed including the right to vote

32
Q

What are labor unions?

A

Organizations that help the middle class peoples working condition

33
Q

What is modern liberalism?

A

A way to counter the disadvantages of classis liberalism such as unequal distribution of resources and money while still keeping individual liberty at the forefront of their ideology

34
Q

what is suffrage

A

The right to vote in an election

35
Q

What is a welfare state?

A

A nation where the government provides wlefare to citezens through social programs, based on the premise of equality and opportunity

36
Q

What was the Winnipeg General Strike and why was it done?

A

in 1919 for 6 weeks, there were more than 30,000 strikes that put the economy at a standstill. It was done as a protest to inequal pay, unfair labor, and change towards modern liberalism

37
Q

What does the term Checks and Balances mean?

A

In American government, all 3 branches can “check” over what the other 3 cranches are doing in order to maintain “balance” within the government

37
Q

What is the constitution?

A

A system of laws that specifically state the rights of peoples

38
Q

What was progressivism?

A

A movement in the early 19th century to push social and economic reform in America

39
Q

What is residual powers?

A

Power held to remain at the disposal of the government

40
Q

What does secret ballot mean?

A

Voters have the right to keep their vote a secret and no one can impede on it unless the voter allows them to

41
Q

What does congressional mean in US democracy?

A

Anything to do with the legislative branch

42
Q

What does republic mean in US democracy?

A

Elected head of state

43
Q

What does partisanship mean and what does it mean to be bi-partisan or non-partisan is US democracy?

A

Policy of supporting a party and their ideas; bi partisan means working with another party; non-partisan means that you are not affiliated with any party

44
Q

What does the separation of powers mean in US democracy?

A

The legislative branch not being able to directly vote for the executive branch, executive branch has separate votingW

45
Q

What does Filibuster mean?

A

Purposely delaying and stalling time during debates in congress

46
Q

What does Federalism mean?

A

sharing of power

47
Q

What does unitary mean?

A

one government for the whole country

48
Q

What does patronage mean?

A

giving more value to those who have supported your country more

49
Q

What does a civil servant do?

A

work for the government but aren’t directly voted

50
Q

What is a mixed economy?

A

Taking the best from both a planned economy and a market economy. Typically ran through supply and demand but the government will ensure necessities are being produced and employment is full

51
Q

What is the antitrust law?

A

Regulated concentration to economic powers to prevent monopolies

52
Q

What is an economic boom?

A

A period where the economy rapidly improves, more sales, more customers, more business success

53
Q

What is an economic bust?

A

A period where the economy collapses majorly, less consumer demand, investors frightened to lend money to businesses, and unsuccessful businesses leading into major debt and inflation (e.g. the great depression)

54
Q

What was the new deal?

A

During the great depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt came up with measures that increased government support.

55
Q

What is a recession?

A

A period where there is a decline in economic activity (e.g. less businesses)

56
Q

How did Canada adopt a mixed economy?

A

By allowing private businesses to be opened and private property to be owned, similar to a capitalist state, but the government opened social programs to everyone to maintain an economic balance between the rich and the poor. Universal healthcare as well.

57
Q

What is a subsidy?

A

Money people pay to the government, government then directly pays to citizens.

58
Q

What is Keynesian economics?

A

A proposition of perfect economic balance. Economic slumps and lessened consumer spending should be countered by government spending and intervention

59
Q

What type of economics did Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher famously adopt?

A

Supply side economics

60
Q

What type of economy did John Maynard Keynes adopt?

A

Demand side economics

60
Q

What was supply side economics?

A

The notion that less taxes and lowered interest rates will result in more goods and services stimulating the economy. Little to no government intervention (also known as trickle down economics)

60
Q

What are the 2 economic approaches

A

Demand side economics and supply side economics

60
Q

What is demand side economics?

A

The notion that the economy is driven by demand, and when demand falls, the government should lower interest rates and increase their spending to balance the economy.

61
Q

What is neoliberalism?

A

A political approach that favors a free market economy

62
Q

What is macroeconomics?

A

The major side of economics, including interest rates and national productivity

Social 30-1 (5 decks)

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