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U.S History Vocab > Unit 1 (Lesson 2) > Flashcards

Unit 1 (Lesson 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

authoritarian regime

A

a system of government in which the state exercises broad control over the lives of its citizens

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2
Q

absolute monarchies

A

a government led by a hereditary ruler who claims unlimited powers

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3
Q

capitalism

A

an economic system in which individual investors, or capitalists, privately own the means of production; also known as a free enterprise system

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4
Q

command economy

A

An economic system that relies mainly on the central government to determine what goods and services to produce and how to produce them

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4
Q

city-state

A

a sovereign state consisting of a city and its surrounding territory

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5
Q

communism

A

a system of government in which a single political party controls both the government and the economy; also, the theories developed by Karl Marx regarding the development of an ideal, classless society

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6
Q

confederal system of government

A

a political system in which independent states form a nation but retain their power under a weak central government

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7
Q

constitutional democracy

A

a democratic government based on a written constitution

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8
Q

constitutional monarchy

A

a system of government in which the powers of a monarch are limited by a constitution, either written or unwritten

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9
Q

democracies

A

A system of government in which citizens exercise supreme power, acting either directly on their own or through elected representatives

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10
Q

coup d’état

A

the sudden overthrow of a government by a small group of military officers or political leaders; from a French term meaning “blow to the state”

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11
Q

despot

A

a tyrant or ruler with absolute powers

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12
Q

direct democracy

A

a democratic form of government in which citizens make public decisions directly, either in a popular assembly or through a popular vote

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13
Q

dictatorships

A

A system of government in which a single person or group exercises supreme power by controlling the military and police

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14
Q

factors of production

A

the basic resources required to produce goods and services: land, labor, and capital

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14
Q

economic system

A

a way of organizing the production and consumption of goods and services

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15
Q

elite

A

a small group of people within a larger group who have more power, wealth, or talent than the others

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16
Q

federal system of government

A

a type of government in which power is shared between the national government and smaller regional governments within the nation

17
Q

fascism

A

a totalitarian system in which businesses remain in private hands but under government control

18
Q

feudalism

A

an economic and political system of the European Middle Ages in which landowners granted land to tenants in return for military assistance and other services

19
Q

free enterprise system

A

an economic system that relies on the profit motive, economic competition, and the forces of supply and demand to direct the production and distribution of goods and services; also known as capitalism

20
Q

initiative process

A

a form of direct democracy in which citizens propose laws and submit them directly to the voters for approval

21
Q

market

A

any place or situation in which people buy or sell goods and services

22
Q

market economy

A

An economic system that relies mainly on markets to determine what goods and services to produce and how to produce them

23
Q

ministries

A

an executive branch department, often in a parliamentary system

23
Q

mixed economies

A

an economic system that combines market forces with elements of a command economy

23
Q

monarchies

A

A system of government in which a single ruler exercises supreme power based on heredity or divine right. In a monarchy, the right to rule passes from one generation of the ruling family to the next.

24
Q

Nazism

A

a form of totalitarianism and type of fascism, based in part on the myth of racial superiority; developed in Germany before World War II

25
Q

parliament

A

A legislative assembly in which elected representatives debate and vote on proposed laws. The name comes from the French term parler, meaning “to talk.”

26
Q

parliamentary democracy

A

a political system in which voters elect lawmakers to represent them in the nation’s parliament; the elected lawmakers choose a prime minister to head the executive branch

27
Q

presidential democracies

A

a political system in which voters chose a president to lead the government as head of the executive branch

28
Q

prime minister

A

the chief executive in a parliamentary democracy

29
Q

recall election

A

an electoral process through which citizens can vote an elected official out of office

30
Q

referendum process

A

a form of direct democracy in which citizens vote to approve or reject laws passed by a legislature

31
Q

representative democracy

A

a democratic form of government in which elected representatives make public decisions on behalf of the citizens

32
Q

republic

A

A nation in which supreme power rests with the citizens and is exercised by their elected representatives

33
Q

single-party state

A

a nation-state in which only one political party is allowed to rule under the constitution

34
Q

socialism

A

an economic system that calls for public ownership of the means of production

35
Q

supranational organization

A

a world or regional organization that is not tied to any one country

36
Q

theocracy

A

a government headed by religious leaders

36
Q

totalitarianism

A

an extreme form of authoritarian rule in which the state seeks to control every aspect of its citizens’ lives

37
Q

traditional economy

A

An economic system in which decisions about what to produce and how are made on the basis of customs, beliefs, and tradition

38
Q

unitary system of government

A

a political system in which the constitution concentrates power in the national, or central, government

39
Q

vote of no confidence

A

a majority vote in parliament showing disapproval of a prime minister’s performance; such a vote prompts new elections and a change of leadership

U.S History Vocab (2 decks)

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