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The Teaching Profession > Unit 1 - Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Philosophical Perspectives in Education

A
  1. Essentialism
  2. Progressivism
  3. Perennialism
  4. Existentialism
  5. Behaviorism
  6. Linguistic Philosophy
  7. Constructivism
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2
Q

What is Education

A
  • Acquisition of knowledge
  • A tool to discipline the intellect
  • A preparation for life
  • Direction
  • Growth
  • Transmission of culture
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3
Q

A set of values and beliefs about education that guide the professional behavior of educator.

it asks:
What is the purpose of education?

A

Educational Philosophy

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4
Q

It may be defined as the application of the fundamental principles of a philosophy of life to the work of education.

A

Educational Philosophy

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5
Q

It offers a definite set of aims and definite set of objectives.

A

Educational Philosophy

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6
Q

A belief that something is necessary

A

Essentialism

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7
Q

Essential

A

Extremely important or necessary

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8
Q

ism (suffix)

A

Belief, style, attitude, etc.

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9
Q

_____ introduced the philosophy of essentialism in education in the 1930s.

A

William Bagley

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10
Q

The two origins of essentialism is from _____ and _____.

A

idealism; realism

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11
Q

Essentialists refer to “_____.”

A

Basic Education

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12
Q

Essentialists believe in _____.

A

teaching the basic subjects

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13
Q

_____ is a theory of education that is concerned with “learning by doing” and purports (claims to) that children learn best when pursuing their own interests and satisfying their own needs.

A

Progressivism

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14
Q

_____ believe that people learn best from what they consider most relevant to their lives.

A

Progressivists

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15
Q

Progressivists center curriculum on their _____, _____, _____ and _____. Provoke _____. in students.

A

needs; experiences; interest; abilities of students; curiosity

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16
Q

Proponent of progressivism

A

John Dewey

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17
Q

_____ suggests that the focus of education should be the ideas that have lasted over centuries.

A

Perennialism

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18
Q

[Perennialism] believes the _____ are as relevant and meaningful today as when they were written.

A

ideas

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19
Q

[Perennialism] recommends that students learn from _____ and _____ the works by history’s finest _____ and _____.

A

reading; analyzing; thinkers; writers

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20
Q

In perennialism, one should teach _____, not _____. Since people are human, one should teach first about _____, not _____ or _____. Since people are people first, and workers second if at all, one should teach _____ topics first, not _____ topics.

A

principles; facts; humans; machines; techniques; liberal; vocational

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21
Q

The theory of _____ also believes that the environment plays a big role in teaching someone.

A

Perennialism

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22
Q

In perennialism, a person learns by _____.

A

experience

23
Q

Which philosophies are embedded in perennialism?

A

Idealism, Realism, Neo-Thomism

24
Q

[Perennialism/or the philosophies embedded] believe that having a _____ to a _____ is necessary for understanding the cosmos or universe.

A

relationship; spiritual being

25
Q

Philosophers of Perennialism

A
  1. Mortimer J. Alder
  2. Jacques Maritain
  3. Robert Maynard Hutchins
26
Q

What Philosophy?

Aim of Education
- To help students understand and appreciate themselves as unique individuals who accept complete responsibility for their thoughts, feelings, and actions.

A

Existentialism

27
Q

What Philosophy?

Aim of Education
- To educate the whole person, not just the mind, since feeling is not divorced from reason in decision making.

A

Existentialism

28
Q

What philosophy?
Aim of Education
- To help the learner become fully his authentic self.

A

Existentialism

29
Q

Existentialism

Methods of Teaching
- There should be private and open spaced in the classroom to facilitate _____, _____, and _____ to lessen the tension, formality, and constraint experienced by the learners.

A

dialogues; small group discussions; individualization

30
Q

In existentialism, criticism to any _____ is less important.

A

individual work

31
Q

In the existentialist curriculum, learning is _____, _____.

A

self-paced; self-directed

32
Q

In the existentialist curriculum, students are given a wide variety of _____ from which to _____.

A

options; choose

33
Q

In the existentialist curriculum, students are afforded great latitude in their _____ of subject matter.

A

choice

34
Q

He was a Danish philosopher born in Copenhagen

A

Soren Kierkegaard

35
Q

He is the father of existentialism

A

Sorek Kierkegaard

36
Q

[Philosopher]

Human existence is always individual in character, never social.

A

Soren Kierkegaard

37
Q

_____ is an approach to psychology based on the belief that all human actions and responses can be explained in terms of reflexes conditioned by reward and punishment.

A

Behaviorism

38
Q

Behaviorists look at learning as an aspect of _____ and will advocate a system of rewards and targets in education.

A

conditioning

39
Q

Early behaviorists

A

Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, and John B. Watson

40
Q

Did the experiment with the dogs. Came up with the theory of classical conditioning.

A

Ivan Pavlov

41
Q

Developed the theory of operant conditioning.

A

B.F. Skinner

42
Q

_____ is the use of consequences to modify the occurrence and form of behavior.

A

Operant Conditioning

43
Q

The “Little Albert” experiment. He gets credit for establishing the psychological school of behaviorism.

A

John B. Watson

44
Q

_____ is a system of communication by sound, operating through the organs of speech, among members of a given community, and using vocal symbols possessing arbitrary conventional meaning (Pei, 1966).

A

Language

45
Q

Approach to philosophy common in the mid 20th century that tends to see philosophical problems as arising from inappropriate theoretical use of language and therefore as being resolved by detailed attention to the common use of expressions.

A

Linguistic Philosophy

46
Q

Philosophers of Linguistic Philosophy

A
  • Gottlob Frege
  • Bertrand Russell
  • Ludwig Wittgenstein
  • Rudolf Carnap
  • Richard Montague
  • Saul Kripke
47
Q

Philosophers of Constructivism

A
  • Jean Piaget
  • Jerome Bruner
  • Lev Vygotsky
  • John Dewey
48
Q

Constructivism is _____, rather than _____.

A

child-centered; curriculum based

49
Q

Constructivism focuses on knowledge _____, not knowledge _____.

A

construction; reproduction

50
Q

It is a belief that one constructs knowledge from one’s experiences.

A

Constructivism

51
Q

Everyone’s view of the external world differs from others because of their unique set of experiences.

A

Constructivism

52
Q

The ideas and interest of children drive the learning process.

A

Constructivism

53
Q

Teachers are flexible - they are the facilitator.

A

Constructivism

The Teaching Profession (4 decks)

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