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Biology Lab > Unit 1 Lecture > Flashcards

Unit 1 Lecture Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of an element

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2
Q

Molecule

A

Union of two or more atoms of the same or different

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3
Q

Cell

A

The structural and functional unit of all living organisms

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4
Q

Tissue

A

A group of cells with a common structure and function

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5
Q

Organ

A

Composed tissues functioning together for a specific task

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6
Q

Organ System

A

Composed of several organs working together

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7
Q

Organism

A

An individual: complex individuals contain organ systems

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8
Q

Species

A

A group of similar, interbreeding organisms

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9
Q

Population

A

Organisms of the same species in a particular area

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10
Q

Community

A

Interacting populations in a particular area

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11
Q

Ecosystem

A

A community plus the physical environment

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12
Q

Biosphere

A

Regions of the Earth’s crust, waters, and atmosphere inhabited by living organism

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13
Q

Energy

A

The capacity to do work

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14
Q

Metabolism

A

All the chemical reactions that occur in a cell

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15
Q

Chemical Cycling and Energy Flow

A

Begins when plants use solar energy and inorganic nutrients to produce their own food

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16
Q

Reproduction

A

The ability to make another organism like themselves

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17
Q

Development

A

Changes made to become an adult

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18
Q

Genes

A

Genetic Instructions

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19
Q

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

A

Makes genes; provides blueprint/instructions for characteristics

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20
Q

Mutations

A

Inheritable changes in the genetic information

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21
Q

Behavior

A

Observable, coordinated responses to environmental stimuli

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22
Q

Homeostasis

A

A stable internal environment

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23
Q

Adaptations

A

Individuals possessing certain features that make them better suited to the environment

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24
Q

Natural Selection

A

Individuals of a species that are better adapted to their environment tend to live longer and produce more offspring than other individuals

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25
Q

Evolution

A

Changes in the frequency of traits in populations and species over time

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26
Q

Taxonomy

A

The discipline of identifying and grouping organisms according to certain rules

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27
Q

Systemics

A

The study of the evolutionary relationships between species

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28
Q

Classification Systems (least to most inclusive)

A

Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Supergroup, and Domain

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29
Q

Domains

A

The largest classification category; the three main domains are: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya

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30
Q

Domain Archea

A

Contains single-celled prokaryotes, which lack the nucleus and organelles; cell walls and membranes are most similar to Eukarya

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31
Q

Domain Bacteria

A

Contains single-celled prokaryotes, which lack the nucleus and organelles

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32
Q

Domain Eukarya

A

Contains Eukaryotes

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33
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Found inside Domains Archea and Bacteria, lack the nucleus and organelles

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34
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Prokaryotes except they have a nucleus and organelles

35
Q

The Four Kingdoms of Domain Eukarya

A

Protists, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia

36
Q

Protists

A

Can be single or multi-celled, some use photosynthesis and others must find food, includes algae, protozoans/water molds

37
Q

Plants

A

Multi-cellular, use photosynthesis, includes azaleas/zinnias/pines

38
Q

Animals

A

Multi-cellular, must ingest and process foods, includes aardvarks/jaguars/humans

39
Q

Fungi

A

Molds and mushrooms that help decompose dead organisms

40
Q

Scientific Method

A

A standard series of logical steps used for studying the natural world from a scientific perspective

41
Q

Observation

A

A formal way of watching the natural world

42
Q

Inductive Reasoning

A

Whenever a person uses their specific observations to develop a general explanation

43
Q

Hypothesis

A

Not a guess; an informed statement that can be tested in a matter suited to the processes of science

44
Q

Expirament

A

A series of procedures to test a hypothesis

45
Q

Prediction

A

An expected outcome

46
Q

Experimental Design

A

The manner in which a scientist intends to conduct an experiment

47
Q

Experimental Variable

A

Examining the contribution of a specific variable

48
Q

Responding Variable

A

Dependent Variable

49
Q

Control

A

Variable that does not change

50
Q

Model Organisms

A

Chosen to allow the researcher to control aspects of the experiment

51
Q

Data

A

Results

52
Q

Scientific Publications

A

Scientific Journals

53
Q

Theories

A

Concepts that join together well-supported and related hypotheses

54
Q

Technology

A

The application of scientific knowledge to the interests of humans

55
Q

Climate change

A

Changes in the normal cycles of the Earth’s climate that may be attributed to human activity

56
Q

Global Warming

A

The increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

57
Q

The Greenhouse Effect

A

Gases allowing the sun’s rays to pass through the atmosphere, but they absorb and radiate heat back sown to the earth

58
Q

Biodiversity

A

The total number and relative abundance of species, the variability of their genes, and the different ecosystems in which they live

59
Q

Extinction

A

The death of an entire species or larger classification system

60
Q

Emerging Diseases

A

Diseases new to humans

61
Q

Matter

A

Anything that takes up space and has mass

62
Q

Elements

A

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances with different properties by ordinary chemical means

63
Q

Atom

A

The smallest part of an element that displays the properties of the element

64
Q

Protons

A

Positive-charged subatomic particles

65
Q

Neutrons

A

Uncharged subatomic particles

66
Q

Electrons

A

Negative-charged subatomic particles

67
Q

Electron Shell

A

Indicates the average location of electrons

68
Q

Atomic Numbers

A

The number of protons in the nucleus

69
Q

Mass Number

A

The sum of the protons and neutrons and protons in the nucleus

70
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons

71
Q

Atomic Mass

A

Refers to the average mass for all the Isotopes of that element

72
Q

Molecule

A

Is formed when two or more atoms bond together

73
Q

Compound

A

Atoms of two or more different elements bonded together

74
Q

Ions

A

An element with one more electron/proton than electron/proton

75
Q

Ionic Bond

A

Holds ionic compounds using an attraction between negative and positive charges

76
Q

Covalent Bond

A

Results when two atoms share electrons in such a way that each atom has an octet of electrons in the outer shell

77
Q

Nonpolar Covalent Bonds

A

The sharing of electrons between two atoms is fairly equal

78
Q

Electronegativity

A

An atom that has a greater attraction for a shared pair of electrons

79
Q

Polar Covalent Bonds

A

Differs in polarity across the molecule

80
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

Hydrogen atoms are attracted to Oxygen atoms in other water molecules

81
Q

Solution

A

Contains solutes

82
Q

Solutes

A

Dissolved substances

83
Q
A

Biology Lab (2 decks)

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