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A&P 1 > Unit 1 Lecture > Flashcards

Unit 1 Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

parts of lymphatic system

A

spleen, tonsils, appendix

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2
Q

function of lymphatic system

A

clean interstitial fluid

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3
Q

Parts of endocrine system

A

hypothalomus, pituitary gland, ovary, teste

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4
Q

parts of urinary system

A

kidney, ureter, bladder

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5
Q

What are oocytes

A

egg cells

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6
Q

List characteristics of life

A

boundaries, movement, responsiveness, nutrients, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth

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7
Q

Parts of control mechanism

A

receptor, control center, effector

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8
Q

Negative feedback loop

A

shuts off initial stimulus

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9
Q

Examples of negative feedback loop

A

blood sugar, body temp, blood volume

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10
Q

Positive feedback loop

A

exaggerates initial stimulus

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11
Q

Examples of positive feedback loop

A

labor, blood clotting, high fever

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12
Q

Superior

A

toward head

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13
Q

Inferior

A

toward feet

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14
Q

medial

A

toward center line

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15
Q

Lateral

A

away from center line

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16
Q

proximal

A

limbs: toward trunk

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17
Q

distal

A

limbs: toward phlanges

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18
Q

superficial

A

toward surface

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19
Q

deep

A

into body

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20
Q

anterior

A

aka ventral: front halg

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21
Q

posterior

A

aka dorsal: back half

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22
Q

axial

A

head, neck, trunk

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23
Q

appendicular

A

limbs

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24
Q

Transverse plane

A

parallel to ground

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25
Q

frontal plane

A

vertical: anterior and posterior

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26
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical: left and right

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27
Q

Transverse organ section

A

perpendicular

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28
Q

Longitudinal organ section

A

parallel

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29
Q

Oblique organ section

A

45 degrees

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30
Q

Dorsal cavity encloses…

A

brain, spinal cord

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31
Q

Parts of dorsal cavity

A

cranial, vertebral

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32
Q

Ventral cavity encloses…

A

internal organs (viscera)

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33
Q

Ventral cavity divisions

A

thoracic, abdominopelvic

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34
Q

What separates the ventral cavities

A

diaphragm

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35
Q

parts of thoracic cavity

A

2 pleural cavities, mediastinum

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36
Q

What do the pleural cavities hold

A

lungs

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37
Q

what does the mediastinum hold

A

heart (pericardial cavity)

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38
Q

Parts of abdominopelvic cavity

A

abdominal, pelvic

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39
Q

What is contained by abdominal cavity

A

stomach, intestines, spleen, liver

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40
Q

What is contained by the pelvic cavity

A

urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum

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41
Q

What is serous membrane

A

double layer membrane covering major organs

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42
Q

What are the layers of serous membranes

A

parietal (outer), visceral (inner)

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43
Q

What is between layers of serous membrane

A

serous fluid

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44
Q

purpose of serous fluid

A

lubrication, heat management

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45
Q

names of special serous membranes and what they contain

A

pericardium (heart), pleura (lungs), peritoneum (abdominopelvic cavity)

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46
Q

where are mucus membranes found

A

cavities indirectly open to environment (digestive, urinary, reproductive, respiratory tracts)

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47
Q

Types of epithelial tissue

A

covering/lining, glandular

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48
Q

Characteristics of epithelial tissue

A

appical and basal layer, closely packed cells, avascular but innervated, high rate of regeneration, basement membrane

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49
Q

What holds epithelial cells together

A

tight junctions and desmosomes

50
Q

what is the basal membrane made up of

A

glycoprotein and collagen

51
Q

parts of basement membrane

A

basal lamina, reticular lamina

52
Q

function of basement membrane

A

anchor epithelium to connective tissue

53
Q

classifications of epithelial tissue

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar: simple, stratified

54
Q

Where are simple squamous cells found

A

Endothelium (lining of lymphatic and blood vessels), mesothelium (lining of serous membranes)

55
Q

Where are simple cuboidal tissues found

A

bronchoiles, kidney tubules

56
Q

What do simple cuboidal tissues have

A

microvilli

57
Q

function of simple cuboidal cells

A

absorption, secretion, mucus

58
Q

Shape and location of nuclei in simple columnar tissues

A

oval, basal

59
Q

Functions of simple columnar tissues

A

absorption, secretion, mucus

60
Q

locations of simple columnar tissues

A

GI tract, uterus, uterine tubes

61
Q

What do pseudostratified ciliated columnar tissues have

A

cilia, goblet cells

62
Q

cilia vs microvilli

A

c: sweep, m:absorb

63
Q

function of goblet cells

64
Q

function of keratinized stratified squamous

A

keep in water, protect skin

65
Q

function of keratin in keratinized stratified sqaumous tissue

66
Q

what is the outer layer of keratinized stratified squamous tissue

A

dead squamous cells

67
Q

What is the outer layer of nonkeratinized stratified squamous tissue

A

live squamous cells

68
Q

Where is nonkeratinized stratified squamous tissue found

A

tongue, esophagus, vagina

69
Q

where is keratinized stratified squamous tissue found

A

surface of skin

70
Q

where are stratified cuboidal tissues found

A

sweat and mammary glands

71
Q

function of stratified columnar tissues

72
Q

what type of epithelium is transitional epithelium

A

stratified

73
Q

What happens when transitional epithelium is stretched

A

cells stretch (cuboidal to squamous), fewer layers

74
Q

Function of glandular epithelium

75
Q

Do endocrine glandular epithelial tissues have ducts?

76
Q

Do exocrine glandular epithelial tissues have ducts?

77
Q

Where do endocrine glandular epithelial tissues release product

A

blood or lymph

78
Q

What do endocrine glandular epithelial tissues release

79
Q

Where do exocrine glandular epithelial cells release their product

A

onto surfaces or into cavities

80
Q

name of unicellular glandular tissue

A

goblet cell

81
Q

Name modes of secretion

A

Merocrine, apocrine, holocrine

82
Q

What is merocrine secretiuon

A

exocytosis

83
Q

What is apocrine secretion

A

pinches off portion of cell

84
Q

What is holocrine secretion

A

cell ruptures

85
Q

Where does apocrine secretion occur

A

armpits, groin

86
Q

Where does holocrine secretion occur

A

sebacious glands

87
Q

List types of connective tissue

A

proper, cartilage, bone, blood

88
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A

binding/support, protection, insulation, transportation

89
Q

characteristics of connective tissue

A

comes from Mesenchyme, vascular or nonvasculaar, extracellular matrix, same fibers, same cell types

90
Q

What is Mesenchyme

91
Q

What is extracellular matrix made up of

A

ground substance and fibers *interstitial fluid, adhersion protein, proteoglycan)

92
Q

function of extracellular matrix

A

diffuse solutes

93
Q

What is proteoglycan made up of

A

protein, glycosaminoglycans

94
Q

What is the result of more GAGs in an extracellular matrix

A

more viscous

95
Q

types of fibers in connective tissue

A

collagen, elastic, reticular

96
Q

blast vs cyte cells

A

b: secretory, divide c: mature, less productive

97
Q

Where are Fibroblasts found

A

proper connective tissue

98
Q

what are hematopoietic cells

A

stem cells

99
Q

What do hematopoietic cells produce

A

red/white blood cells, platelets

100
Q

Types of proper connective tissue

A

loose, dense

101
Q

types of loose connective tissue

A

areolar, adipose, reticular

102
Q

function of areolar tissue

A

wrap/cushion organs

103
Q

Where is areolar tissue located

A

under epithelial tissue

104
Q

What fibers are found in areolar tissue

A

collagen, elastic, reticular

105
Q

function of adipose tissue

106
Q

cell type in adipose tissue

A

adipocytes

107
Q

where are the organelles in adipose cells

A

near cell membrane

108
Q

Function of brown adipose tissue

A

produce heat

109
Q

What organelle does brown adipose tissue have in abundance

A

mitochondria

110
Q

function of reticular tissue

A

delicate support

111
Q

where is reticular tissue found

A

lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow

112
Q

types of dense connective tissue

A

regular, irregular, elastic

113
Q

what fiber is found in dense regular tissue

A

collagen going in similar directions

114
Q

where is dense regular tissue found

A

ligaments, tendons

115
Q

function of dense regular tissue

A

strong inflexible support

116
Q

Fiber found in dense irregular tissue

A

collagen in many directions

117
Q

where is dense irregular tissue found

A

strong coverings, dermis

118
Q

function of dense irregular tissue

A

stretch in many directions

119
Q

fibers in elastic tissue

120
Q

where are elastic tissues found

A

large arteries, bronchial tubes

A&P 1 (1 decks)

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