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CH - Y12 - BTEC E > Unit 1 - LAA4 - Genetics & Inheritance > Flashcards

Unit 1 - LAA4 - Genetics & Inheritance Flashcards

1
Q

Where are genes found?

A

In chromosomes

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2
Q

What are genes a collection of?

A

Inherited DNA

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3
Q

Who do we inherit copies of each gene from?

A

Biological parent

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4
Q

Genotype and Phenotype are examples of…

A

Genetic information we inherit

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5
Q

What is meant by genotype?

A

Information we inherit and are present at birth

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6
Q

What is meant by phenotype?

A

Physical expression of the genotype after it has interacted with the environment

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7
Q

Give an example of a factor that can impact the expression of genes

A

Diet / living conditions / pollution

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8
Q

Genes alone determine all your physical and non-physical characteristics - true or false?

A

False

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9
Q

What do studies of identical twins illustrate?

A

How different factors like smoking, sun exposure, depression and weight gain can influence aging

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10
Q

How do we study genetics/heredity?

A

Twin studies

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11
Q

What two things do researchers look at in twin studies?

A

Concordance rates & the environment the twins develop in

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12
Q

What is meant by a ‘concordance rate’?

A

The probability to which twins/parents share the same characteristics

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13
Q

The probability to which twins/parents share the same characteristics is called…

A

Concordance rate

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14
Q

What do biological psychologists use twin studies for?

A

To investigate the effect of genes on behaviour

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15
Q

What are the two types of twins?

A

Monozygotic (MZ) and Dizygotic (DZ)

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16
Q

Monozygotic (MZ) twins are…

A

genetically identical

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17
Q

Dizygotic (DZ) twins are…

A

genetically non-identical

18
Q

Give an example of a characteristic twin studies have been used for

A

Intelligence / Aggression

19
Q

How is a concordance rate expressed?

A

As a percentage which shows the degree of similarity

20
Q

What does a concordance rate of 0% mean?

A

No similarity

21
Q

What does a concordance rate of 100% mean?

A

Identical - share the same characteristic

22
Q

What % of their genes do identical twins share?

A

100%

23
Q

What % of their genes do non-identical twins share?

A

50%

24
Q

What is a problem of studying identical twins?

A

They also share an environment

25
Q

Who are the ideal twins to study in twin studies?

A

Twins who have been reared apart

26
Q

What pair of chromosomes do females have?

A

XX

27
Q

What pair of chromosomes do males have?

A

XY

28
Q

What gene is located on the Y chromosome?

A

Sex-determining region gene (SRY gene)

29
Q

What does the presence of the SRY gene do?

A

Switches on other genes and initiates the prenatal development of male genitalia

30
Q

What happens without the SRY gene?

A

The other genes remain switched off and the embryo develops as a female

31
Q

What does the SRY gene cause the release of and what does this lead to?

A

Testosterone into the womb, leads to some changes in brain development

32
Q

The SRY gene provides examples of genes impacting on…

A

Physical development & Psychological development

33
Q

How does the SRY gene provide an example of genes impacting on physical development?

A

SRY switches on other genes and initiates the pre-natal development of male genitalia

34
Q

How does the SRY gene provide an example of genes impacting on psychological development?

A

SRY causes the release of testosterone into the womb which leads to some changes in brain development

35
Q

What is a practical application of genetics?

A

Stress management techniques to prevent someone from becoming depressed

36
Q

Give one strength of genetics

A

Practical applications / Strong evidence to support

37
Q

What has evidence to support the role of the SRY gene on development shown?

A

When SRY is mutated it cannot perform the function of engaging testicular development

38
Q

Give one weakness of the influence of genes

A

It is oversimplified

39
Q

How is the influence of genes oversimplified?

A

Genes are not the sole cause for our behaviour / Other factors may trigger the response

40
Q

What is another factor that may trigger development of a behaviour?

A

Environment

CH - Y12 - BTEC E (15 decks)

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