Unit 1 - LAA - Assumptions of Approaches Flashcards

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1
Q

According to the Social Approach, where does behaviour occur?

A

In a social context

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2
Q

Behaviour occuring in a social context is an assumption of which psychological approach?

A

Social Approach

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3
Q

Social Psychologists believe the best way to understand our behaviour is to look at…

A

The influence of others

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4
Q

What does the Social Approach suggest is the biggest influence on behaviour?

A

Our social context

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5
Q

What does ‘culture’ refer to?

A

Ideas, customs and social behaviour of particular groups of people

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6
Q

Name two assumptions of the Social Approach

A
  1. Behaviour occurs in a social context
  2. Wider culture and society influences peoples behaviour
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7
Q

What two types of cultures does the Social Approach suggest exist?

A

Individualistic and collectivist

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8
Q

Give two examples of individualistic cultures / countries

A

UK and USA

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9
Q

UK and the USA have which type of culture?

A

Individualistic

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10
Q

Identify two features of an individualistic culture

A
  1. The needs of an individual are prioritised over a group
  2. Personal goals are more important than group goals
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11
Q

Prioritising the needs of an individual is associated with which type of culture?

A

Individualistic

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12
Q

Give two examples of collectivist cultures / countries

A

China and India

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13
Q

Identify two features of a collectivist culture

A
  1. The needs of the group are prioritised over an individual
  2. Group goals are more important than individual goals
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14
Q

Prioritising the needs of a group is associated with which type of culture?

A

Collectivist

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15
Q

The Cognitive Approach explains all human behaviour in terms of what 3 things?

A

Thoughts
Beliefs
Attitudes

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16
Q

Name 2 assumptions of the Cognitive Approach

A
  1. Behaviour is the product of information processing
  2. The brain can be compared to a computer (input,process,output)
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17
Q

‘the brain can be compared to a computer’ is an assumption of which approach?

A

Cognitive

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18
Q

Believing ‘behaviour is the product of information processing’ is an assumption of which approach?

A

Cognitive

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19
Q

Name 3 internal mental processes the cognitive approach looks at

A

Memory
Perception
Thoughts
Schemas
Logic
Reasoning

20
Q

According to the Cognitive Approach’s computer analogy, what would be an ‘input’?

A

Information from the environment

21
Q

According to the Cognitive Approach’s computer analogy, information from the environment would be considered as…

A

An input

22
Q

According the Cognitive Approach’s computer analogy, what would be an ‘output’

A

Observable behaviour

23
Q

According the Cognitive Approach’s computer analogy, observable behaviour would be considered as…

A

An output

24
Q

What is the difference between the Behaviourist Approach and Social Learning theory

A

Behaviourist believe behaviour is learned from environmental stimuli

WHEREAS

Social Learning theory believes behaviour is learned from observation and imitation

25
Q

What is one assumption of the Behaviourist and social learning Approach?

A

Behaviour is learned from environmental stimuli

26
Q

What is one assumption of the Social Learning Approach?

A

Behaviour is learned from observation and imitation

27
Q

According to Behaviourists, humans are born as..

A

Blank slates

28
Q

What two processes can we learn information through, according to Behaviourists?

A

Classical and operant conditoning

29
Q

What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning?

A

Classical = learning through association

WHEREAS

Operant = learning through consequences / reinforcements

30
Q

According to Social Learning Theory, when are we most likely to imitate a model?

A

When we see them being rewarded

31
Q

What is meant by classical conditioning?

A

Learning through association

32
Q

What is meant by operant conditioning?

A

Learning through consequence

33
Q

What is meant by positive reinforcement?

A

Performing a behaviour to RECEIVE positive consequences (reward)

34
Q

What is meant by negative reinforcement?

A

Performing a behaviour to AVOID negative consequences

35
Q

What is meant by vicarious reinforcement?

A

Performing a behaviour we have seen a ROLE MODEL be rewarded for

36
Q

Name 2 assumptions of the Biological Approach

A
  1. Behaviour is influenced by our biology
  2. Behaviour is a product of evolution
37
Q

What two parts of your body make up your central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord

38
Q

What are genes?

A

Biological units of DNA

39
Q

Where does our DNA come from?

A

Inherited from our parents

40
Q

What are neurochemicals?

A

Biological chemicals called neurotransmitters

41
Q

A low level of what neurochemical is thought to be involved in depression?

A

Serotonin

42
Q

Low levels of serotonin is thought to cause what mental disorder?

A

Depression

43
Q

What two main concepts make up evolutionary theory?

A

Natural selection
Sexual selection

44
Q

What are the 3 main assumptions of natural selection?

A
  • Only a small portion of a generation survive
  • Each generation has a degree of variation which is heritable
  • Some characteristics give a survival advantage
45
Q

Who proposed evolutionary theory?

A

Charles Darwin

46
Q

‘wider culture and society influences peoples behaviour’ is an assumption of which psychological approach ?

A

Social approach