Unit 1 KA4 Mutations Flashcards
How to become the hulk
What is a mutation?
A change in an organisms DNA which can result in no protein or an altered protein being synthesised
How can the rate of mutation be increased?
By exposure to mutagenic agents
What are mutagenic agents?
Chemicals or radiation that can damage DNA, causing mutations
Examples of muatgenic agents:
Mustard Gas, UV, X-rays, Gamma rays
What is a genetic disorder?
A condition or disease directly related to the individual’s genotype
What are single gene mutations?
A mutation that only effects one gene
What are the 3 types of single gene mutation?
Substitution
Insertion
Deletion
What is a substitution mutation?
When one base is replaced with another
What is a insertion mutation?
In terms of single gene mutations
An amino acid or group of amino acids being added in
What is a deletion mutation?
In terms of a single gene mutation
When a specific base is removed
What is a missense mutation?
When one amino acid is replaced with another
What are the three types of nucleotide substitutions?
Missense, Nonsense and Splice-Site
What is a nonsense mutation?
A stop codon being produced prematurely, resulting in a shortened protein
What is a splice-site mutation?
When some introns are retained or exons removed in the mature RNA transcript
What are the 4 types of chromosome mutations?
Deletion
Duplication
Translocation
Inversion
