Unit 1 - KA3 - Control of Gene Expression Flashcards

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1
Q

A chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

A

Polypeptide

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2
Q

Bonds that join different parts of a polypeptide chain together to help create the three dimensional structure of the protein

A

Peptide

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3
Q

The complete genetic information contained in a cell.

A

Genotype

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4
Q

The 20 subunits that make up a polypeptide.

A

Amino acids

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5
Q

The bond that joins two amino acids together.

A

Peptide

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6
Q

The final overall shape that a protein takes based on how it is folded and how the polypeptide chains in it interact.

A

3 Dimensional

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7
Q

The physical characteristics of an organism.

A

Phenotype

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8
Q

-shaped proteins involved in the immune response which bind specifically to particular antigens.

A

Antibody

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9
Q

Oxygen transporting protein contained in red blood cells.

A

Haemoglobin

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10
Q

Protein molecules which catalyse specific chemical reactions.

A

Enzymes

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11
Q

Proteins that form the shape of all organelles and cells in the body.

A

Structural

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12
Q

Enzyme required for transcription

A

RNA polymerase

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13
Q

First RNA transcript made before processing

A

Primary RNA transcript

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14
Q

Section of RNA removed to create the mature RNA transcript.

A

Introns

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15
Q

Triplet of bases on a tRNA molecule which determine the particular amino acid joined onto the extending polypeptide chain.

A

Anti-codon

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16
Q

RNA–protein complex in two sub units which carry out translation.

A

Ribosome

17
Q

Fragments of RNA which join together to form the mature transcript.

A

Exons

18
Q

Procedure to remove introns from an RNA transcript leaving the mature transcript.

A

Splicing

19
Q

Triplets of bases on mRNA each of which codes for an amino acid.

A

Codon

20
Q

Final RNA molecule ready for translation.

A

Mature RNA transcript

21
Q

Type of RNA molecule that is joined to a specific amino acid.

A

tRNA

22
Q

Different orders of exons being joined together to make different proteins

A

Alternative mRNA splicing

23
Q

Codon that initiates translation from this point on.

A

Start codon

24
Q

Sugar molecule present on RNA

A

Ribose

25
Q

Type of base present in RNA rather than thymine in DNA.

A

Uracil

26
Q

Synthesis of the primary RNA molecule from a DNA template.

A

Transcription

27
Q

Codon that terminates translation at this point and does not code for an amino acid.

A

Stop codon

28
Q

Synthesis of a polypeptide chain from a mRNA.

A

Translation