Unit 1 - KA 8: Genomic Sequencing Flashcards
Define the term genome.
The genome is the entire hereditary DNA of an organism
Define genomic sequencing.
Genomic sequencing is the process where the exact order of nucleotide bases is determined for individual genes or entire genome.
Define bioinformatics
The comparison of genome sequencing using computer and statistical analysis.
What has the comparison of many genomes revealed?
That many genes are highly conserved across different organisms.
Give three examples of organisms whose genomes have been sequenced.
Pests
Disease causing organisms
Model Organisms
Define the term phylogenetics
The study of evolutionary relatedness.
Define the term lineage
The exact sequence in which species can be traced back through ancestor populations.
Define the term sequence divergence.
How and when lineages diverged from common ancestry.
Define the term molecular clock
Molecular clocks are used to show when species diverged using evolution.
Molecular clocks assume a constant mutation rate and show differences in DNA sequences or amino acid sequences.
List the sequence of events in evolution
Cells Last common ancestor Prokaryotes Photosynthetic organisms Eukaryotes Multicellular Organisms Animals Vertebrates Land plants
What have scientists used to trace key stages in evolution.
Fossil records
Genome sequence data
What are the three domains of life?
- Bacteria (prokaryotes)
- Archaea (prokaryotes that live in extreme conditions)
- Eukaryotes (animals, humans, plants)
Define personalised genomics
An individual’s genome can be analysed to predict the likelihood of developing certain diseases
Define pharmacogenetics
The use of genome information in the choice or dosage of drugs
How is pharmacogenetics used in personalised medicine?
An individual’s personal genome sequence can be used to select the most effective drug and dosage to treat them
