Unit 1 Justin Hyytinen Flashcards
Hardness
A mineral’s ability to scratch. Harder minerals are harder to scratch
Density
Amount of matter in a certain amount of space
Luster
The sparkle or shine of a mineral
Streak
The color of mineral powder when a mineral is scratched
Rock
Naturally formed, non-living earth metal composed of minerals
Slower cooling rocks have smaller or larger crystals?
Larger crystals
Faster cooling rocks have larger or smaller crystals?
Smaller
Does lava or magma cool faster?
Lava
Igneous rock
Form from cooling magma
Intrusive
Types of rocks that form under Earth’s surface
Pluton
Igneous intrusive rock cooled in Earth’s crust
Glass
Lava that cools rapidly
Sedimentary rock formation
Formed from compacting and cementing of small pieces of sediment
Metamorphic rocks formation
Form when minerals in existing rocks are changed by heat or pressure in the Earth
Rock cycle
Physical and chemical changes of rocks over long periods of time… Theorized by James Hutton the father of Geology
Original horizontality
Sediment is deposited flat. If one layer is tilted, so is the next one
Lateral continuity
When a valley forms, opposite sides will have similar layers
Superposition
young layers at the top and older ones at the bottom
Cross-cutting
Things that cut through older layers of rocks… The cross cut is always younger than the rocks.
Info fossils give us
History, environment, geologic history, climate changes
Index fossils
Fossils from a specific period of time used to date rock formations they are found in
Faunal succession
Fossils correspond to the time layer they are in… Certain fossils aren’t found with others
Differentiation-
Separation of earth into layers based on density. Most dense is the innermost core of the Earth
