Unit 1 - Introduction to Object-oriented system development

Question 1

What does the term object orientation (OO) refer to?

Answer 1

• approach in software technology
• developed to support the development, enhancement and maintenance of complex enterprise IT systems
• languages, methods and database can support an object-oriented approach

Question 2

When did object orientation in industrial applications become accepted?

Answer 2

• early 1990s
• due to very high cost of services and advanced development of large IT systems

Question 3

What are the typical elements of Object-oriented programming?

Answer 3

classes, objects, associations, a program consists of cooperating objects

Question 4

What are areas of application of Object-oriented programming?

Answer 4

large & complex industrial software systems

Question 5

What is an object in “object orientation”?

Answer 5

• part of a software system
• contains attributes and methods itself
• at the time of execution, object-oriented systems take the form of objects in the main memory of the computer

Question 6

What is an attribute (property) of an object?

Answer 6

• stores information (current values of variables) in an object
• attributes of an object are hidden from direct access from other objects = they are protected and can’t be changed by other objects

Question 7

What is a method (functions, operations)?

Answer 7

offers other objects in the system the ability to access, read, change or update its own attributes and perform calculations

Question 8

What are the different phases in an object-oriented development process?

Answer 8

• Object-oriented analysis (OOA)
• Object-oriented design (OOD)
• Object-oriented programming (OOP)

Question 9

What happens during the Object-oriented analysis (OOA) of an object-oriented development process?

Answer 9

• determines what the system should
• goal is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the functional relationships within the system
• objects in the real world are replicated in a functional model and only the attributes that are relevant to the system are included
• acts as a means of communication between the developers and the clients

Question 10

What happens during the Object-oriented design (OOD) of an object-oriented development process?

Answer 10

• bridge between the analysis and implementation
• functional analysis model is extended by adding technical information so that a programmer can implement the program code based on the design
• define which types of objects are needed, which attributes and methods they will have and which objects cooperate with each other and in what manner

Question 11

What happens during the Object-oriented programming (OOP) of an object-oriented development process?

Answer 11

• system design is translated into functioning program code
• developer programs the program code following the specifications defined during the design
• errors during analysis and design can be propagated in the program code if the developer fails to recognize them early

Question 12

What is the basic principle of Object-oriented system development?

Answer 12

The division of internal elements into areas that are responsible for a very specific function, and the interaction among individual objects
- clear encapsulation of responsibilities into very specific objects and a clear definition of interfaces, objects can later be interchanged or extended without affecting the stability and functionality of the overall system