Unit 1: Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

the study of the structure or morphology of body parts

Answer 1

anatomy

Question 2

the study of the function of body parts

Answer 2

physiology

Question 3

List the levels of organization using the following terms: subatomic particles, organelles, cell, molecules, atoms, organism, macromolecules, tissue, organ systems, organs

Answer 3

subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cell, tissue, organ, organ systems, organism

Question 4

this system…
- includes skin, hair, sweat glands
- protects tissues, regulates body temperature, supports sensory receptors

Answer 4

integumentary system

Question 5

this system…
- includes bones, ligaments, cartilage
- provides protection, support, produces blood cells

Answer 5

skeletal system

Question 6

this system…
- includes muscles
- causes movement, maintains posture, produces body heat

Answer 6

muscular system

Question 7

this system…
- includes brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs
- detects changes, receives and interprets sensory information, stimulates muscles and glands

Answer 7

nervous system

Question 8

this system…
- includes pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes
- controls metabolic activities of body structures

Answer 8

endocrine system

Question 9

this system…
- includes the heart, arteries, capillaries, veins
- moves blood through blood vessels and transports substances through the body

Answer 9

cardiovascular system

Question 10

this system…
- includes lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and spleen
- returns tissue fluid to the blood; defends the body against infection

Answer 10

lymphatic system

Question 11

this system…
- includes mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines
- receive, break down, and absorb food; eliminate unabsorbed waste

Answer 11

digestive system

Question 12

this system…
- includes nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
- intake and output of air; exchange of gasses between air and blood

Answer 12

respiratory system

Question 13

this system…
- includes kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
- removes waste from blood; maintains water and electrolyte balance

Answer 13

urinary system

Question 14

this system…
- includes scrotum, epididymus, testes, prostate gland, urethra, penis
- produce and maintain sperm; transfer sperm into female reproductive tract

Answer 14

reproductive system (males)

Question 15

this system…
- includes ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva
- produces and maintains eggs, receives sperm, supports development of an embryo

Answer 15

reproductive system (females)

Question 16

__________________ are used to describe the location of one body part with respect to another

Answer 16

terms of relative position

Question 17

When we use correct terminology, we must assume the body is in _______________. This includes standing erect; the face is forward; upper limbs at sides with palms forward

Answer 17

anatomical position

Question 18

a part is above another part, or closer to the head

Answer 18

superior

Question 19

a part is below another part, or towards the feet

Answer 19

inferior

Question 20

toward the front

Answer 20

anterior (ventral)

Question 21

toward the back

Answer 21

posterior (dorsal)

Question 22

refers to the imaginary midline dividing the body into equal right and left halves; closer to the midline

Answer 22

medial

Question 23

toward the side with respect to the midline

Answer 23

lateral

Question 24

refers to paired structures, one on each side; ex. right lung, left lung

Answer 24

bilateral

Question 25

refers to structures on the same side; ex. right eye, right ear

Answer 25

ipsilateral

Question 26

refers to structures on the opposite sides; ex. right lung, left kidney

Answer 26

contralateral

Question 27

describes a part closer to the trunk of the body

Answer 27

proximal

Question 28

describes a part farther from the trunk of the body

Answer 28

distal

Question 29

near the surface

Answer 29

superficial

Question 30

when discussing blood vessels or nerves, instead of superficial, we say _____________.

Answer 30

peripheral

Question 31

describes more internal parts

Answer 31

deep