Unit 1: Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
the study of the structure or morphology of body parts
anatomy
the study of the function of body parts
physiology
List the levels of organization using the following terms: subatomic particles, organelles, cell, molecules, atoms, organism, macromolecules, tissue, organ systems, organs
subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cell, tissue, organ, organ systems, organism
this system…
- includes skin, hair, sweat glands
- protects tissues, regulates body temperature, supports sensory receptors
integumentary system
this system…
- includes bones, ligaments, cartilage
- provides protection, support, produces blood cells
skeletal system
this system…
- includes muscles
- causes movement, maintains posture, produces body heat
muscular system
this system…
- includes brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs
- detects changes, receives and interprets sensory information, stimulates muscles and glands
nervous system
this system…
- includes pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes
- controls metabolic activities of body structures
endocrine system
this system…
- includes the heart, arteries, capillaries, veins
- moves blood through blood vessels and transports substances through the body
cardiovascular system
this system…
- includes lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and spleen
- returns tissue fluid to the blood; defends the body against infection
lymphatic system
this system…
- includes mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines
- receive, break down, and absorb food; eliminate unabsorbed waste
digestive system
this system…
- includes nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
- intake and output of air; exchange of gasses between air and blood
respiratory system
this system…
- includes kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
- removes waste from blood; maintains water and electrolyte balance
urinary system
this system…
- includes scrotum, epididymus, testes, prostate gland, urethra, penis
- produce and maintain sperm; transfer sperm into female reproductive tract
reproductive system (males)
this system…
- includes ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva
- produces and maintains eggs, receives sperm, supports development of an embryo
reproductive system (females)
__________________ are used to describe the location of one body part with respect to another
terms of relative position
When we use correct terminology, we must assume the body is in _______________. This includes standing erect; the face is forward; upper limbs at sides with palms forward
anatomical position
a part is above another part, or closer to the head
superior
a part is below another part, or towards the feet
inferior
toward the front
anterior (ventral)
toward the back
posterior (dorsal)
refers to the imaginary midline dividing the body into equal right and left halves; closer to the midline
medial
toward the side with respect to the midline
lateral
refers to paired structures, one on each side; ex. right lung, left lung
bilateral
refers to structures on the same side; ex. right eye, right ear
ipsilateral
refers to structures on the opposite sides; ex. right lung, left kidney
contralateral
describes a part closer to the trunk of the body
proximal
describes a part farther from the trunk of the body
distal
near the surface
superficial
when discussing blood vessels or nerves, instead of superficial, we say _____________.
peripheral
describes more internal parts
deep
