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Histology Laboratory > UNIT 1 - Introduction to Histology > Flashcards

UNIT 1 - Introduction to Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Study of the tissues of the body and how these tissues are arranged to constitute organs

A

Histology

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2
Q

Other name for histology

A

Microscopic anatomy or microanatomy

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3
Q

Where was the word tissue derived from?

A

French word “Tissu” – weave or texture

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4
Q

What year was tissue not referred to organic, cellular layers, but rather to anything woven or textured?

A

1700s

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5
Q

What was the name of the French scientist that coined tissue in histology?

A

Bichat

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6
Q

Where were the first microscopes constructed?

A

Netherlands

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7
Q

What year were the first microscopes constructed?

A

Late 1500s

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8
Q

Known as the possible inventor of the microscope

A

Zacharias Janssen

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9
Q

Four basic types of tissues

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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10
Q

Involves all aspects of tissue biology, with the focus on how cells’ structure and arrangement optimize functions specific to each organ

A

Histology

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11
Q

Use lens to magnify objects

A

Light microscopes

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12
Q

specific place where light rays focus

A

focal point

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13
Q

Distance between center of lens and focal point

A

Focal length

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14
Q

Types of light microscopes

A

o bright-field microscope
o dark-field microscope
o phase-contrast microscope
o fluorescence microscope
o confocal microscope

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15
Q

Produces a dark image against a brighter background

A

bright – field microscope

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16
Q

product of the magnifications of the ocular lenses and the objective lenses

A

total magnification

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17
Q

Ability of a lens to separate or distinguish small objects that are close together

A

Microscope resolution

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18
Q

major factor in resolution

A

wavelength of light

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19
Q

distance between the front surface of lens and surface of cover glass or specimen when it is in sharp focus

A

working distance

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20
Q

If air is replaced with immersion oil, many light rays that did not enter the objective due to reflection/refraction at the surfaces of the objective lens and slide will now do so.

A

Oil immersion objective

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21
Q

Properties of objective lenses

A

Scanning, low power, high power, oil immersion

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22
Q

Image is formed by light reflected or refracted by specimen

A

Dark – field microscope

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23
Q

Produces a bright image of the object against a dark background

A

Dark field microscope

24
Q

microscope used to observe living, unstained preparations

A

Dark field microscope

25
Q

Converts differences in refractive index/cell density into detected variations in light intensity

A

Phase contrast microscope

26
Q

dark against bright background

A

phase contrast microscope

27
Q

Creates image by detecting differences in refractive indices and thickness of different parts of specimen

A

Differential interference contrast microscope (DIC)

28
Q

Exposes specimen to ultraviolet, violet, or blue light. Specimens usually stained with fluorochromes

A

Fluorescence microscope

29
Q

Shows a bright image of the object resulting from the fluorescent light emitted by the specimen

A

Fluorescence microscope

30
Q

creates sharp, composite 3D image of specimens by using laser beam, aperture to eliminate stray light, and computer interface

A

confocal microscopy

31
Q

Numerous applications including study of biofilms

A

Confocal microscopy

32
Q

Use Beams of Electrons to Create Highly Magnified Images

A

Electron microscopy

33
Q

Wavelength of electron beam is much shorter than light, resulting in much higher resolution

A

Electron microscopy

34
Q

Allows for study of microbial morphology in great detail

A

Electron microscopy

35
Q

Transmitted electrons are under vacuum which reduces scatter and are used to produce clear image

A

Transmission electron microscope

36
Q

Denser regions in specimen scatter more electrons and appear darker

A

Transmission electron microscope

37
Q

Analogous to procedures used for light microscopy

A

Specimen preparation

38
Q

Specimens are chemically fixed and stained with electron dense materials, such as heavy metals, that differentially scatter electron

A

Specimen preparation

39
Q

allows for 3-D observation of shapes of intracellular structures and reduces artifacts

A

freeze etching

40
Q

T/F specimens must be cut very thin for Transmission electron microscopy

A

True

41
Q

Uses electrons excited from the surface of a specimen to create detailed image

A

Scanning electron microscope

42
Q

Produces a realistic 3D image of specimen’s surface features

A

Scanning electron microscope

43
Q

Can determine actual in situ location of microorganisms in ecological niches

A

Scanning electron microscope

44
Q

Rapid freezing technique provides way to preserve native state of structures examined in vacuum

A

Electron cryomatography

45
Q

Types of microscopy

A

Optical
near field optical (NFOM)
X-ray (TXM, SXM, STXM)
Scanning Electron (SEM)
Transmission electron (TEM, STEM)
Focused ion beam (FIB)
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)
Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM)

46
Q

Increases visibility of specimen, Accentuates specific morphological features, Preserves specimens

A

Preparation and staining of specimens

47
Q

make internal and external structures of cell more visible by increasing contrast with background

A

dyes

48
Q

two types of dyes

A

basic, acidic

49
Q

examples of basic dyes

A

Methylene blue, basic fuchsin, crystal violet, safranin, Malachite green

50
Q

Examples of acidic dyes

A

Eosin, rose bengal, and acid fuchsin – possess groups such as carboxyls (- COOH) and phenolic hydroxyls (-OH)

51
Q

Have positively charged groups; bind to negatively charged molecules

A

Basic dyes

52
Q

In their ionized form, have a negative charge and bind to positively charged cell structures

A

Acidic dyes

53
Q

Divides microorganisms into groups based on their staining properties

A

Differential staining

54
Q

used to detect presence or absence of structures

A

differential staining

55
Q

histotechniques

A
  1. Numbering/labelling
  2. Fixation
  3. Dehydration
  4. Clearing
  5. Wax impregnation
  6. Embedding
  7. Blocking and trimming
  8. Sectioning
  9. Staining
  10. Mounting
  11. Labelling

Histology Laboratory (1 decks)

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