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Purposive Communication > Unit 1 - Introduction to Communication > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Introduction to Communication Flashcards

1
Q

What are the elements of communication?

A
  • Speaker
  • Message
  • Receiver
  • Channel
  • Feedback
  • Communicative Situation
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2
Q

Occurs when the sender expresses an emotion or a feeling, creates an idea, or senses the need to communicate

A

Communication

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3
Q

Triggered when the sender makes a conscious or an unconscious decision to share the message with another person—the receiver

A

Communication Process

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4
Q

The word communication is derived from the Latin word, which means common

A

Communis

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5
Q

Every message is sent and received through one of our five senses, what are these?

A
  • Seen
  • Heard
  • Touched
  • Tasted
  • Smelled
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6
Q

Is comparable to any skill in the sense that it can be developed and enhanced

A

Speaking

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7
Q

An English poet, who said that the ability to speak and the ability to speak well are two different things.

A

Ben Johnson

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8
Q

As much as 75% of the average person’s day is spent communicating. (True or False)

A

True

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9
Q

Those in technical jobs are estimated to spend between 50% and 90% of their work day engaged in communication process. (True or False)

A

True

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10
Q

Derived from the Latin word, which means “Belonging to many” or “equally”

A

Communis

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11
Q

Derived from the Latin word, which means to confer with others

A

Communico

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12
Q

Derived from the Latin word, which means “to share”

A

Communicare

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13
Q

One of the more essential human activities that enable
us to make connections, create meanings, and nurture understanding

A

Communication

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14
Q

Communication refers to the process of human beings responding to the symbolic behavior of other persons

A
  • Communication is
    Human
  • Communication is a
    Process
  • Communication is
    Symbolic
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15
Q

The communication done by animals is relatively different from humans.

A

Communication is Human

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16
Q

Communication is a continuous, ongoing process. It does not occur in isolation

A

Communication is a Process

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17
Q

Are used to represent things, processes, ideas, or events in ways that make communication possible

A

Communication is Symbolic

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18
Q

The most significant feature of symbols is their arbitrary nature

A

Communication is Symbolic

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19
Q

What are the three (3) levels of semiotic rules

A
  • Syntactic
  • Pragmatic
  • Semantic
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20
Q

English may not necessarily
ensure smooth and easy exchanges

A

Multicultural and Multilingual Setting

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21
Q

All contribute to convey
thoughts and emotions in a non-verbal manner

A

Body Language
Facial Expressions
The Tone of One’s Voice

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22
Q

The process requires a vast repertoire of skills

A
  • Intrapersonal and Interpersonal
    Processing
  • Listening
  • Observing
  • Speaking
  • Questioning
  • Analyzing
  • Evaluating
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23
Q

Message may be impart through these types

A
  • Verbal Communication
  • Non-verbal
    Communication
  • Visual Communication
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24
Q

The process of sending and receiving messages with words, including writing and sign language

A

Verbal Communication

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25
Q

Communication is done by word of mouth and a piece of writing.

A

Verbal Communication

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26
Q

Two (2) types of verbal communication

A

Oral and Written

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27
Q

Spoken words are used

A

Verbal Communication: Oral

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28
Q

It includes face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet

A

Verbal Communication: Oral

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29
Q

Communication is influenced by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking

A

Verbal Communication: Oral

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30
Q

Most common form of communication being used in business.

A

Verbal Communication: Written

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31
Q

Message can be transmitted via email, letter, report, memo etc.

A

Verbal Communication: Written

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32
Q

The sending or receiving of wordless messages. Such gesture, body language, posture, tone of voice, or facial expressions is called nonverbal communication

A

Non-Verbal Communication

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33
Q

All about the body language of speaker

A

Non-Verbal Communication

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34
Q

Three (3) elements of non-verbal communication

A

Appearance
Body Language
Sounds

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35
Q

Voice tone, volume, speech rate

A

Sounds

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36
Q

Clothing, hairstyle, neatness, use of cosmetics

A

Appearance (Speaker)

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37
Q

Room size, lighting, decorations, furnishings

A

Appearance (Surrounding)

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38
Q

Facial expressions, gestures, postures

A

Body Language

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39
Q

The type of communication that uses visuals to convey information and/or messages

A

Visual Communication

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40
Q

Occupies an important place in any work environment

A

Visual Communication

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41
Q

The types of communication - according to context

A
  • Intrapersonal
    Communication
  • Interpersonal
    Communication
  • Dyadic Communication
  • Small Group
    Communication
  • Public Communication
  • Mass Communication
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42
Q

Means within or inside.

A

Intra

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43
Q

Means talking to oneself. Some label it as self or inner talk, inner dialogue. Psychologists call it other names such as self-verbalization or self-statement

A

Intrapersonal Communication

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44
Q

Defined also as communication with one‘s self, and that may include self-talk, acts of imagination and visualization, and even recall and memory

A

Intrapersonal Communication

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45
Q

Defined as communication between two people, but the definition fails to capture the essence of a relationship

A

Interpersonal Communication

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46
Q

Happens between two persons

A

Dyadic Communication

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47
Q

Communication within
formal or informal groups or teams. It is group
interaction that results in decision making, problem
solving and discussion within an organization.

A

Small Communication

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48
Q

This type of communication is a one way type model of communication as it no longer requires the feedback of the receiver or the audience

A

Public Communication

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49
Q

The message of the speaker will be sent to a huge number of audiences

A

Public Communication

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50
Q

This involves a large number of people and requires a tool to help disseminating the information. This also no longer requires feedback from the audience to the source

A

Mass Communication

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51
Q

What are the functions of communications

A
  • Physical Needs
  • Identity Needs
  • Social Needs
  • Practical Needs
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52
Q

It is necessary for physical health

A

Physical Needs

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53
Q

It is the way – indeed, the only way – we learn who we are.

A

Identity Needs

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54
Q

Provides a vital link with others.

A

Social Needs

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55
Q

Is the tool to help us in our everyday tasks

A

Practical Needs

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56
Q

Is a term used to describe the way something is done or experienced

A

Mode

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57
Q

Refers to technical language
that is used by professionals in a certain field.

A

Jargon

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58
Q

Choices in
language use that hide certain truths

A

Euphemisms and Double speak

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59
Q

Make a concept or idea more acceptable.

A

Euphemism

60
Q

May be more misleading as it tends to
cover up a difficult reality of an issue

A

Double Speak

61
Q

Involves a speaker who seeks to in form,
persuade or motivate an audience

A

One-to-Group Communication

62
Q

What are the three (3) modes of communication

A

Interpersonal Mode
Interpretive Mode
Presentational Mode

63
Q

Active oral or writ ten
communication in which the participants
negotiate meaning to make sure that their message is understood

A

Interpersonal Mode

64
Q

The ability to listen or read a text and interpret the meaning

A

Interpretive Mode

65
Q

written or oral
communication in which the presenter must
consider the impact on the audience since this
is one-way communication with limited opportunity
for feedback

A

Presentational Mode

66
Q

Vital elements in communication

A

Speaking and Listening

67
Q

He mentions eight stages in the cycle of communication

A

Eugene White (1960)

68
Q

Eight Stages in the cycle of communication

A
  • Thinking
  • Symbolizing
  • Expressing
  • Transmitting
  • Receiving
  • Decoding
  • Reacting
  • Monitoring
69
Q

He mentions the following as components of communication

A

Roman Jacobson

70
Q

What are the following components of communication mentioned by Roman Jacobson

A
  • Addressor (speaker)
  • Addressee (listener)
  • Context (situation)
  • Contact
  • Code
  • Message
71
Q

He defines model as “a picture or a representation of a thing or process that identifies the key parts or elements and indicates how each element affects the operations of all of the elements.

A

Gronbeck

72
Q

A person who sends the message

A

Speaker/Sender

73
Q

Also called the communicator or source

A

Speaker/Sender

74
Q

Elements of communication

A

Speaker/Sender
Message
Encoding
Channel
Receiver or Listener
Decoding
Feedback

75
Q

Is the key idea that the sender wants to communicate

A

Message

76
Q

The information that the sender wants to relay to the receiver

A

Message

77
Q

It also refers to the thoughts, ideas, or information that you convey to your listeners

A

Message

78
Q

Verbal delivery of messages includes:

A
  • Elements of voice (rate, volume, pitch, and quality)
  • Articulation
  • Pronunciation
79
Q

Verbal message consists of three variables:

A
  • Content
  • Structure
  • Style
80
Q

Is everything you say about something: referential or
relational
Ref- all relevant to your topic; Rel – a suggestion of
any relationship to your listeners

A

Content

81
Q

the pattern of organization you follow

A

Structure

82
Q

how you express your ideas

A

Style

83
Q

Is the means used to exchange or transmit the message

A

Channel or Medium

84
Q

A person for whom the message is intended, aimed or targeted

A

Receiver Listener

85
Q

Is the main component of the communication process as it permits the sender to analyze the efficacy of the message

A

Feedback

86
Q

This can be any sort of interference that affects the message being sent, received, or understood

A

Noise

87
Q

It refers to the time and place in which communication occurs

A

Situational or Context

88
Q

The process of converting the message into communication
symbols.

A

Encoding

89
Q

The receiver translates the words and symbols used
in the message into idea and interprets it to obtain its meaning.

A

Decoding

90
Q

Enumerate the communication process models

A
  • Aristotle’s
    communication model
    (1)
  • Aristotle’s model of
    communication (2)
  • Shannon’s model
  • Shannon-weaver model
  • Berlo’s SMCR model
  • Schramm’s model
  • Transactional model of
    communication
91
Q

Aristotle’s Model of Communication is formed with five (5) basic elements

A
  • Speaker
  • Speech
  • Occasion
  • Audience
  • Effect
92
Q

This model is more focused on public speaking than interpersonal communication

A

Aristotle’s communication model (1)

93
Q

Defined communication (called RHETORIC in his time) as “the faculty of observing, in any given case, the available means of persuasion.”

A

Aristotle’s model of communication (2)

94
Q

Is speaker-centered.

A

The Aristotelian Model

95
Q

It is known as the “mother of all models” because of its wide popularity.

A

Shannon’s model

96
Q

It explains how messages are lost and distorted in the process of communication.

A

Shannon’s model

97
Q

Six (6) concepts of Shannon’s model

A
  • Sender
  • Encoder
  • Channel
  • Noise
  • Decoder
  • Receiver
98
Q

It is an infrastructure that gets information from the sender and transmitter through the decoder and receiver

A

Channel

99
Q

Exact opposite of encoding. Shannon and Weaver made this model in reference to communication that happens through devices like telephones

A

Decoder

100
Q

It occurs when the receiver of the message responds to the sender in order to close the communication loop.

A

Feedback

101
Q

Situated where the message originates.

A

Source

102
Q

It is the skill of the individual to communicate

A

Communicative Skills

103
Q

This includes attitudes towards the audience, subject and towards oneself

A

Attitudes

104
Q

Communicating also means that the person needs to be knowledgeable about the subject or topic

A

Knowledge

105
Q

The social system includes the various aspects of society like values, beliefs, culture, religion and a general understanding of society. It is where the communication takes place

A

Social System

106
Q

Particular society also comes under the social system.

A

Culture

107
Q

The body of a message, from the beginning to the end, comprises its content

A

Content

108
Q

It includes various things like language, gestures, body language, etc. They constitute all the elements of a particular message. Any content is accompanied by some elements.

A

Elements

109
Q

It refers to the packing of the message and the way in which the message is conveyed or the way in which it is passed on or delivered

A

Treatment

110
Q

The structure of the message refers to how it is arranged

A

Structure

111
Q

The code of the message refers to the means through which it is sent and in what form

A

Code

112
Q

It refers to the five sense organs

A

Channel

113
Q

Five senses of organ

A
  • Hearing
  • Smelling
  • Seeing
  • Touching
  • Tasting
114
Q

The five basic elements of Aristotle’s model of communication

A

Speaker
Speech
Occasion
Audience
Effect

115
Q

It is a cyclical communication model containing all the basic principles of communication. It is based on the theory and belief that communication is a two-way street

A

Schramm’s mode

116
Q

The exchange of messages between sender and receiver where each take turns to send or receive messages.

A

Transactional Model of Communication

117
Q

It refers to the norms, values, laws and other restrictions of a society to communicate within a specific limit

A

Social Context

118
Q

Is the lifestyle and identity of a person. Caste, class, race, ethnicity, gender, etc are the contexts which promote communication.

A

Cultural Context

119
Q

Relates to relationship history and manners.

A

Relational Context

120
Q

What are the principles of communication to make it more effective

A

-Principle of Clarity
- Principle of Attention
- Principle of Feedback
- Principle of Informality
- Principle of Consistency
- Principle of Timeless
- Principle of Adequacy

121
Q

The idea or message to be communicated should be clearly spelt out

A

Principle of Clarity

122
Q

In order to make communication effective, the receiver’s attention should be drawn towards the message

A

Principle of Attention

123
Q

Very important to make communication effective

A

Principle of Feedback

124
Q

May not achieve the desired results, informal communication may prove effective in such situations

A

Principle of Informality

125
Q

Should always be consistent with the policies, plans, programs and objectives of the organization and not in conflict with them

A

Principle of Consistency

126
Q

This principle states that communication should be done at proper time so that it helps in implementing plans

A

Principle of Timeliness

127
Q

A type of principle that is essential for taking proper decisions and making action plans.

A

Principle of Adequancy

128
Q

Every message is simultaneously a stimulus to new behavior and a response to prior behavior of the receiver. No message should be isolated from what has occurred before between the communicants if we really want to understand the message. It should be understood in the totality of the situation

A

Communication is an interaction situation wherein the participants are affected by each one’s behavior

129
Q

We do communicate even when we are ignoring the message of another or maintaining complete silence. An easy way to understand this would be to think what you would do if someone, you did not want to interact with, passed a smile to you. Even by ignoring him, you would still be communicating, “I do not want to relate to you”. Silence, posture and all non-verbal behaviors are the ways we communicate even when we wish to deny doing so

A

One does communicate

130
Q

We usually relate to others as if there was only one reality the way we perceive the world. We all live as separate individuals with different experiences and different views of ‘reality’. How we interpret verbal and non-verbal messages may be quite different from the meaning intended by the speaker (communicator). Even when several people are viewing the same behavior, each interprets it differently. While talking or writing we are describing only those experiences that occur inside us and they may not be the same for others because every person, because of his different background, is unique.

A

The message received is not necessarily the message sent

131
Q

We communicate on the level of the literal content of the information being conveyed as well as on the relationship level. In other words, we do not convey information to the receiver verbally only. By the context, in which the communication occurs, and by various verbal and non-verbal cues, we are also telling the other person how we see our relationship with him, how we see ourselves, and how he should interpret our messages.
This second level of communication is called ‘meta-communication’ and refers to any communication about communication or any verbal or non-verbal cues about the literal content of the message sent. For example, I may say to another person, “I’m very happy with you”, and be serious indicating that I do not mean what I say. I may also verbally meta-communicate by adding, “I was only joking”, which tells the receiver how he should interpret my original statement.
The context in which communication occurs is another important component of meta-communication. If I slap my wife while travelling in the bus, I would be telling the world something quite different than if I were to do the same thing in my own house.

A

Communication occurs simultaneously at more than one level

132
Q

We cannot NOT communicate. The very attempt not to communicate communicates something. Through not only words, but through tone of voice and through gesture, posture, facial expression, etc., we constantly communicate to those around us. Through these channels, we constantly receive communication from others. Even when you sleep, you communicate. Remember a basic principle of communication in general: people are not mind readers. Another way to put this is: people judge you by your behavior, not your intent.

A

Interpersonal communication is inescapable

133
Q

You cannot really take back something once it has been said. The effect must inevitably remain. Despite the instructions from a judge to a jury to “disregard that last statement the witness made,” the lawyer knows that it can’t help but make an impression on the jury. A Russian proverb says, “Once a word goes out of your mouth, you can never swallow it again.”

A

Interpersonal communication is irreversible

134
Q

No form of communication is simple. Because of the number of variables involved, even simple requests are extremely complex. Theorists note that whenever we communicate there are really at least six “people” involved: 1) who you think you are; 2) who you think the other person is; 30 who you think the other person thinks you are; 4) who the other person thinks /she is; 5) who the other person thinks you are; and 6) who the other person thinks you think s/he is.
We don’t actually swap ideas, we swap symbols that stand for ideas. This also complicates communication. Words (symbols) do not have inherent meaning; we simply use them in certain ways, and no two people use the same word exactly alike.

A

Interpersonal communication is complicated

135
Q

Who you are and what you bring to the interaction. Your needs, desires, values, personality, etc., all form the psychological context. (“You” here refers to both participants in the interaction.)

A

Psychological context

136
Q

Concerns your reactions to the other person–the “mix.”

A

Relational context

137
Q

Deals with the psycho-social “where” you are communicating

A

Situational context

138
Q

Deals with the physical “where” you are communicating

A

Environmental context

139
Q

Includes all the learned behaviors and rules that affect the interaction. If you come from a culture (foreign or within your own country)

A

Cultural context

140
Q

The notion that an individual’s or group’s behavior are governed by their morals which in turn affects communication

A

Communication ethics

141
Q

The message must be complete and geared to the receiver‘s perception of the world. The message must be based on facts and a complex message needs additional information and / or explanation. A good subdivision of subjects will clarify the message as a result of which there will be a complete overview of what is said

A

Completeness

142
Q

Concrete business communication is also about a clear message. This is often supported by factual material such as research data and figures. The words used as well as the sentence structure can be interpreted univocally. Nothing is left to the imagination

A

Concreteness

143
Q

In addition to considering the feelings and points of view of the target group, it is also important to approach the audience in a friendly and courteous manner. Use of terms that show respect for the receiver contribute towards effective communication. The same goes for the manner in which you address someone. Not everyone will be charmed if you use a familiar form of address and use of a formal address could come across as too distant

A

Courtesy

144
Q

A correct use of language has the preference. In written business communication, grammatical errors must be avoided and stylistic lapses or a wrong use of verbs are not sufficient either in verbal communication. A correct use of language increases trustworthiness and the receiver will feel that they are taken seriously.

A

Correctness

145
Q

Clear or plain language is characterized by explicitness, short sentences and concrete words.

A

Clarity

146
Q

In order to communicate well, it is important to relate to the target group and be involved. By taking the audience into account, the message can be geared towards them. Factors that play a role in this are for example: professional knowledge, level of education, age and interests.

A

Consideration

147
Q

A message is clear when the storyline is consistent and when this does not contain any inconsistencies

A

Conciseness

Purposive Communication (1 decks)

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