Unit 1 - Introduction to Bonding Flashcards
How many bonds can carbon make?
4 covalent bonds
How many electrons does carbon have?
6 - electrons
2,4
What is a covalent bond?
A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms
What type of electronegativity does carbon have? (range)
mid-range electronegativity
What is the meaning of electronegativity?
Electronegativity is a measure of how strongly an atom attracts a bonding pair of electrons
What type of bonds can carbon form?
Polar and non-polar bonds, depending on what it is bonded to
What can carbon bond to?
- to itself
- to metals
- to heteroatoms (atoms other than C or H)
What type of carbon bonds are strong and unreactive?
C-C and C-H bonds
How many bonds can nitrogen make when uncharged (and lone pairs)
3 covalent bonds and 1 lone pair
How many bonds can nitrogen make when uncharged (and lone pairs)
3 covalent bonds and 1 lone pair
True or False: The lone pair is non-bonding in Nitrogen
True
True or False - Nitrogen is less electronegative than carbon
False - Nitrogen is more electronegative than carbon
How many bonds can oxygen make when uncharged? (and lone pairs)
2 covalent bonds and 2 lone pairs
Oxygen lone pairs?
Oxygen’s 2 lone pairs are less available for reaction, meaning they hold onto electrons more tightly
Oxygen electronegativity?
More electronegative than nitrogen
What are the halogens?
Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine
How many bonds does fluorine make? (and lone pairs)
1 covalent bond and 3 lone pairs
Electronegativity for fluorine?
Very electronegative
Fluorine lone pairs?
Lone pairs are not available for reaction
How many bonds does hydrogen form?
Forms 1 covalent bond
Hydrogen electronegativity?
Less electronegative than carbon
What are functional groups? + example
A functional group is a recognizable arrangement of atoms that is characteristic of a class of molecules. Compounds containing the same functional group can be expected to display similar activity.
An example of this is C-OH meaning it is an alcohol
What is the general formula for alcohols
ROH
bonds in the plane of the paper
look like a straight line
