Unit 1: Introduction to Biochemistry

Question 1

how do proteins maintain their 3D structure?

Answer 1

must maintain proper environment

no significant temp, pH, ionic strength changes

Question 2

how does disease result?

Answer 2

one or more protein becomes inactive

• genetic mutation in the gene coding for protein
• binding of protein with pathogenic toxin

Question 3

an acid _____ a proton

Answer 3

donates

Question 4

a base _____ a proton

Answer 4

accepts

Question 5

what does pKa define?

Answer 5

the affinity of a base to a proton

Question 6

what does it mean to have pH = pKa?

Answer 6

50% protonated to 50% deprotonated

Question 7

what is the normal pH of a human?

Answer 7

7.4

Question 8

what does bicarbonate buffer?

Answer 8

major buffering system of the blood

Question 9

what does phosphate buffer?

Answer 9

intracellular and urine

Question 10

respiratory acidosis

Answer 10

production of lactic acid from anaerobic exercise

Question 11

metabolic acidosis

Answer 11

body produces excessive quantities of acid or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body
- starvation

Question 12

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 12

active gluconeogenesis

Question 13

what does G stand for?

Answer 13

gibbs free energy

Question 14

How we get there _____ important, but the _____ used to get there _____ important.

Answer 14

isn’t
energy
is

Question 15

ΔG

Answer 15

actual observed change in free energy - conditions not specified

Question 16

∆G°

Answer 16

∆G at standard conditions : 25° C, 1 atmosphere, all reactants and products at 1 Molar

Question 17

∆G’

Answer 17

∆G at physiological conditions

Question 18

∆G°’

Answer 18

∆G° at pH 7

Question 19

Keq

Answer 19

products/reactants at equilibrium

Question 20

Kss

Answer 20

products and reactants are steady state

Question 21

steady state

Answer 21

things are being made at the same rate they are being consumed