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Cognitive Science > Unit 1 Intro To CogSci > Flashcards

Unit 1 Intro To CogSci Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Cognitive Science?

A

The study of mental processes and behavior

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2
Q

Cognitive Science aims to understand

A

The human mind and its processes

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3
Q

In cognitive science, what do researchers primarily focus on?

A

Mental processes, including perception, memory and problem solving

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4
Q

Which discipline within cognitive science explores the brain’s role in cognition?

A

Neuroscience

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5
Q

Linguistics, as a key disciplines in cognitive science, is primarily concerned with:

A

The study of language and its impact on thought

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6
Q

Cognitive psychology, a sub field of psychology, focuses on:

A

Investigating mental processes such as memory and problem solving

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7
Q

Which discipline within cognitive science deals with fundamental questions about the mind and consciousness?

A

Philosophy

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8
Q

What is the primary goal of cognitive science’s interdisciplinary approach?

A

To explore the interconnectedness of cognitive psychology, neuroscience, linguistics and philosophy

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9
Q

In cognitive science, these four key disciplines (psychology, neuroscience, linguistics and philosophy) collectively:

A

Contribute to a holistic understanding of human cognition

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10
Q

What is the main focus of the cognitive psychology approach?

A

The study of internal mental operations

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11
Q

What metaphor is commonly used to describe the mind in cognitive psychology?

A

Computer

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12
Q

In Cognitive Psychology, mental functioning is equated to what two processes?

A

Representation and computation

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13
Q

What is the primary domain of study in the Linguistic Approach?

A

Language

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14
Q

What do linguists hypothesize about regarding human language?

A

The human capacity for language and its implications for the nature of the human brain

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15
Q

What does the neuroscience approach attempt to explain?

A

Cognitive processes in terms of underlying brain mechanisms

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16
Q

What do neuroscientists study in relation to behavior observed in people?

A

The structures and functions of the human brain

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17
Q

What is the goal of the Artificial Intelligence Approach?

A

To build devices that mimic complex thought processes

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18
Q

What do computer scientists in Artificial Intelligence aim to achieve?

A

Model human capacities to design machines that perform task requiring human intelligence

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19
Q

What are the two types of reasoning discussed in the philosophy Approach?

A

Deductive and inductive reasoning

20
Q

What does deductive reasoning involve?

A

The application of rules of logic to statements about the world

21
Q

What does inductive reasoning involve?

A

Drawing conclusions based on commonalities observed in specific instances

22
Q

What key issues does the philosophical approach address?

A

The nature of knowing (epistemology), the mind-body distinction, and the mind-brain distinction

23
Q

What does the anthropological approach study?

A

The relation between human culture and human thought

24
Q

In the Anthropological Approach, what is emphasized about thought processes?

A

The need to view operations of the mind in specific physical and social environments

25
Q

What aspect of thinking does the Anthropological Approach explore across cultures?

A

Possible difference in modes of thinking

26
Q

What is the Learning Science Approach education?

A

Application of finding in Cognitive Science in Education/Training

27
Q

Who are the Greek philosophers associated with the study of the mind?

A

Plato and Aristotle

28
Q

According to Plato, what is the source of virtue?

A

Innate

29
Q

What did Aristotle believe was the source of knowledge?

A

Experience/senses

30
Q

Who is known for the development of experimental psychology and laboratory methods?

A

Willhelm Wundt

31
Q

What method involves looking inside one’s own experience?

A

Introspection

32
Q

What does behaviorism deny?

A

The existence of the mind

33
Q

Who is associated with classical conditioning in behaviourism?

A

Ivan Pavlov

34
Q

What is the formula for learning in classical conditioning according to Pavlov?

A

Stimulus… Response = Learning (Involuntary)

35
Q

Who developed the concept of operant conditioning?

A

B. F. Skinner

36
Q

How is behavior modified in operant conditioning?

A

As a result of its consequences (reward/punishment)

37
Q

What is the capacity of short-term memory limited to, according to cognitive science?

A

7 ± 2 items

38
Q

Who proposed that language ability involves mental grammar and is used creativity?

A

Noam Chomsky

39
Q

Who questioned the variability in people’s ability to memorize?

A

Franz Joseph Gall

40
Q

What did Gall claim about the connection between bodily structure and human ability?

A

There exists a connection between ability to memorize and bodily structure

41
Q

What was one of Gall’s conclusions regarding the brain?

A

The brain is the sole organ of the mind

42
Q

What controversial issue arises from Gall’s conclusions about human traits?

A

The nature-nurture question

43
Q

What does phrenology propose regarding faculties of the mind?

A

It lists specific faculties of the mind to predict abilities and personality traits by measuring “bumps on their skull”

44
Q

What is the Principles of Equipotentiality?

A

The brain is sufficiently plastic, such that when one region is surgically removed or damaged, another region takes over its function

45
Q

What does the Principle of Mass Action state?

A

The cerebral cortex acts as one—as a whole—in many types of learning

46
Q

Who is known for evidence from neurosurgery regarding brain functions?

A

Wilder Penfield

Cognitive Science (1 decks)

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