Unit 1: Internal Systems Bio 11

Question 1

Respiratory system

Answer 1

the group of organs that provides living things with oxygen from outside the body and disposes of waste products such as carbon dioxide.

Question 2

Respiration

Answer 2

all of the processes involved in bringing in oxygen into the body, making it available to each cell, and eliminating carbon dioxide as a waste.

Question 3

Inspiration

Answer 3

the action of drawing oxygen-rich air into the lungs.

Question 4

Expiration

Answer 4

the action of releasing waste air from the lungs.

Question 5

Gas exchange

Answer 5

the transfer of oxygen from inhaled air into the blood, and of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs; it is the primary function of the lungs.

Question 6

Ventilation

Answer 6

the process of drawing, or pumping, an oxygen-containing medium over a respiratory surface.

Question 7

Diffusion gradient

Answer 7

describes the relationship in which a dissolved substance moves from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

Question 8

Diaphragm

Answer 8

a sheet of muscles that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

Question 9

Pharynx

Answer 9

the passageway just behind the mouth that connects the mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus.

Question 10

Trachea

Answer 10

the tube that carries air from the nasal passages or mouth to the bronchi and then to the lungs; also known as the windpipe.

Question 11

Glottis

Answer 11

the opening of the trachea through which air enters the larynx.

Question 12

Epiglottis

Answer 12

covers the glottis to prevent food from entering the trachea.

Question 13

Larynx

Answer 13

the structure between the glottis and the trachea that contains the vocal chords. (voice box)

Question 14

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 14

the part of the brain that controls breathing.

Question 15

Bronchus

Answer 15

the passageway that branches from the trachea to the lungs.

Question 16

Bronchiole

Answer 16

the passageway that branches from each bronchus inside the lung, into increasingly smaller, thin-walled tubes.

Question 17

Alveoli

Answer 17

plural for alveolus

Question 18

Alveolus

Answer 18

a tiny sac, with a wall that is one cell thick, found at the end of a bronchiole; respiratory gases are exchanged in this sac.

Question 19

Bronchi

Answer 19

plural for bronchus

Question 20

Hemoglobin

Answer 20

an iron-containing protein found in red blood cells, which binds to and transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

Question 21

Diffusion gradient

Answer 21

describes the relationship in which a dissolved substance moves from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

Question 22

Diaphragm

Answer 22

a sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

Question 23

Spirograph

Answer 23

a graph representing the amount (volume) and speed (rate of flow) of air that is inhaled and exhaled, as measured by a spirometer.

Question 24

Tidal volume

Answer 24

the volume of air is inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing.

Question 24

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 24

the volume of air that can be taken into the lungs beyond the regular tidal inhalation.

Question 25

Vital capacity

Answer 25

the total maximum value of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs during a single breath.

Question 25

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 25

the volume of air that can be taken into the lungs beyond the regular tidal exhalation.

Question 26

Residual volume

Answer 26

the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a complete exhalation.

Question 27

Tonsillitis

Answer 27

an infection of the tonsils caused by a virus or by bacteria.

Question 28

Laryngitis

Answer 28

an inflammation of the larynx that can cause the voice to become raspy or hoarse.

Question 29

Pneumonia

Answer 29

a disease that causes inflammation in one or both lungs; it is usually caused by a viral infection or a bacterial infection.

Question 30

Bronchitis

Answer 30

a respiratory disease that causes inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi; it is classified as either acute (due to infection) or chronic (due to an irritant).

Question 31

Asthma

Answer 31

a lung disease causes chronic inflammation of the lungs and overproduction of mucus in the lungs.

Question 32

Emphysema

Answer 32

a chronic respiratory disease that affects the ability of the lungs to expel air.

Question 33

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 33

a genetic disease that causes a thick build-up of mucus in the lungs, resulting in infection, inflammation, and damage to the lung tissues.

Question 34

Carcinoma

Answer 34

a tumour made up of a rapidly multiplying cells.

Question 35

Mestasis

Answer 35

the spread of cancerous cells from their original site to other parts of the body.

Question 36

Computed Axial Tomography

Answer 36

a specialized x-ray technique for imaging organs and other tissues in that body; also known as a CAT scan or CT scan.

Question 37

Two-photon Microscopy

Answer 37

a technique that uses photons to form images of living tissue up to a depth of 1 mm.

Question 38

Bronchoscopy

Answer 38

a technology for viewing, diagnosing, and treating the tissues and organs of the respiratory system.