Unit 1: Industrial Revolution and Why humans form groups Flashcards
What was the Industrial Revolution
It was a transformative period in human history that saw the change from agricultural and handicraft based economies to mechanised production.
( late 18th - early 19th century)
Positive Aspects of Industrial Revolution
Pros:
- Enabled mass production
- Advancements in textiles, iron, and coal mining
- Shaped the world we live in today.
Negative Aspects of Industrial Revolution
Cons:
- Unethical methods to achieve mass production
- Child labor
- Environmental degradation ( Pollution,)
How has industrialization changed our daily lives?
People moved from livelihoods that were very agriculturally centric to jobs related to mechanical and machine work.
The industrial revolution has changed the way we live today, from being able to go to another city in mere hours, to ordering a product from another country.
Why was Britain a pioneer in industrialization?
- Britain -> Island, separate from wars. Investments was spent on technology not military.
- Britain had access to resources from all their colonies
- Britain had lots of natural coal - powering the steam engine
Mention 2 key inventions from the Industrial Revolution
Spinning Jenny - a hand-powered spinning machine for cotton and textile,
Steam Engine - a coal powered engine that drove the Industrial Revolution
Impact of Industrial Revolution on Social Change
Two classes formed during the Industrial Revolution, the Proletariat and the Bourgeoisie. The working class and the capitalist class.
The capitalist class owns the means of force and the outcome of production. the working class are the means of force and production.
Class consciousness took place and people became aware of their class.
Due to child labour and terrible working conditions, the proletariat class began to form labour unions to fight for worker rights.
Similarly, the Bourgeoise became aware of their wealth and status and they formed elite clubs and enjoyed leisure activities.
Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Colonies
The British Empire greatly benefited from the colonies it had and its resources. For example, India had quality cotton that fueled the textile industry in Britain during the IR. This came at the cost of the labourers and workers in the colonies as they had to match the increased demands.
Dutch exploited Indonesian workers for cheap sugar after the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade.
Role of Colonies in the Industrial Revolution
Colonies played a significant role in the Industrial Revolution by providing raw materials, markets for manufactured goods.
Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Ideologies
The rise of liberal economic and political philosophy, the emergence of labour unions, and the rise of nationalism
It also was the beginning of the consumerism that exists today
Industrial Revolution in Japan
After The Meiji Restoration, Japan opened foreign trade, and developed new technologies.
What was Class Conflict
Class conflict is the struggle between different social classes. It is often caused by differences in wealth, power, and status.
The bourgeoisie owned the means of production, such as factories and machines, while the proletariat worked for wages in these factories.
How did family structures change during the Industrial Revolution
Before the Industrial Revolution large extended families lived on farmhouses with the support of each other.
During and after the Industrial Revolution
families had to separate from their relatives as it was not sustainable in the city.
They went to the cities to find work as migrant labourers. This led to many families becoming homeless and falling into poverty as theyused to depend on their extended family members for financial support.
What does Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs suggest?
Physiological Needs ->
Safety and Security ->
Love and Belonging ->
Self Esteem ->
Self Actualization ( Final)
Forces of production
Human force, materials and ideas such as assembly line
