Unit 1: Human Lifespan Development

Question 1

What changes occur to the cardiovascular with ageing?

Answer 1

Heart increases in size and the wall thickens making it difficult for muscle to relax and fill with blood.
Artery walls narrow due to fats clogging them.
Pacemaker cells decrease.
Valves thicken and stiffen.

Question 2

What health factors may affect cardiovascular health?

Answer 2

Genetic inheritance
Obesity
High blood pressure
High blood cholesterol
Diabetes

Question 3

What lifestyle factors may affect cardiovascular health?

Answer 3

Smoking
Alcohol
Diet high in salt
Diet high in saturated fats
Lack of exercise

Question 4

Negative effects of cardiovascular disease

Answer 4

Loss of independence
Depression
Anxiety about health
Reduced mobility
Frustration

Question 5

Positive effects of cardiovascular disease

Answer 5

Closer relationships with family and friends

Improving lifestyle

Question 6

What can cardiovascular disease and ageing cause?

Answer 6

Angina
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
heart murmurs
Strokes
Heart attack
Heart failure

Question 7

What is the degeneration of the nervous tissue?

Answer 7

It is the loss of neurons in the brain to decreases the ability to send and receive nerve impulses.

Question 8

What are the effects of degeneration of nervous tissue?

Answer 8

Reaction time increase
Reduction in reflex
Difficulty receiving/processing info
Decline in STM
Decline in verbal capability
Effects senses

Question 9

Why may someone get Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 9

Caused due to the loss of neurons from brain structure that control movement.

Question 10

What are the physical effects of Parkinson’s?

Answer 10

Tremor

Loss of mobility

Question 11

What are the cognitive effects of Parkinson’s?

Answer 11

Depression
Anxiety
Impairment in thinking and problem solving

Question 12

What is the degeneration of the sense organs?

Answer 12

The senses that help receive info from environment decrease in capability.

Question 13

How does TASTE degenerate?

Answer 13

Number of taste buds decreases
Production of saliva decreases
Ability to smell decreases.

Question 14

How does TOUCH degenerate?

Answer 14

Decrease of receptor cells
Reduced sensitivity to: temperature, injury, touch.
Increased sensitivity of skin to sun.

Question 15

How does SIGHT degenerate?

Answer 15

Vision becomes less sharp
cloudiness of vision
vitreous shrinks

Question 16

How does HEARING degenerate?

Answer 16

fluid filled tubes become affected
cant hear high frequency sounds
distinguishing between sounds

Question 17

What are the social and emotional effects of degeneration of sense organs?

Answer 17

reduced social opportunities
low self-image
anxiety
depression
isolation
loss of independence
difficulty taking part in leisure activities

Question 18

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 18

swelling and pain in joints
damage to soft tissue around joints
difficulty walking
difficulty climbing stairs

Question 19

What increases the risk of osteoarthritis?

Answer 19

being female
joint abnormality
genetic inheritance
injury to joints
obesity
being over 40 yo

Question 20

What happens to the absorption of nutrients with aging?

Answer 20

Absorption of nutrients decreases.

Question 21

Why do you absorb less nutrients with age?

Answer 21

reduced production of gastric hydrochloric acid - prevents breakdown of proteins
deterioration of the function of the digestive organs and lining