Unit 1: Human Development, Diversity, and Behavior in the Environment Flashcards
What is Freud’s Psychosexual Developmental Theory?
Freud’s theory posits that personality develops through childhood stages centered on erogenous areas, driven by psychosexual energy.
What are the three parts of Freud’s personality theory?
- Id
- Ego
- Superego
What does the Id represent in Freud’s theory?
The Id operates at the unconscious level, representing basic impulses, seeking immediate gratification, and is irrational and impulsive.
What is the role of the Ego in Freud’s personality structure?
The Ego functions at the conscious level, mediating between the Id’s impulses and the Superego’s inhibitions, testing reality and rational.
What does the Superego encompass?
The Superego represents preconscious ideas and morals, striving for perfection, and incorporates values from parents, serving as a person’s conscience.
Define Ego-Syntonic behaviors.
Behaviors that are in sync with the ego and do not induce guilt.
Define Ego-Dystonic behaviors.
Behaviors that are out of sync with the ego and induce guilt.
How many stages are there in Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development?
There are five stages.
List the five psychosexual stages according to Freud.
- Oral
- Anal
- Phallic
- Latency
- Genital
What is the focus of the oral stage in Freud’s theory?
The primary source of interaction is through the mouth, essential for eating and oral stimulation.
What age range does the oral stage cover?
Birth to 1 year.
What is the primary focus of the mouth in infancy?
Eating and oral stimulation through sucking and tasting
Infants derive pleasure from oral activities.
What is the age range for the anal stage in Freud’s theory?
1 to 3 years
This stage involves controlling bladder and bowel movements.
What conflict arises during the anal stage?
Toilet training
Successful transition requires learning bowel control.
What can excessive pressure to toilet train lead to in a child?
Proactivity toward order and cleanliness
This can influence personality traits later in life.
What can too little pressure from parents during toilet training result in?
Rigidity and disordered behavior
Insufficient guidance may affect future behavior.
What is the age range for the phallic stage in Freud’s theory?
3 to 6 years
This stage involves awareness of sexual orientation and gender identity.
What is the Oedipus complex?
Boy’s desire for mother and hostility for father
This occurs during the phallic stage.
What is the Oedipus complex?
Occurs in the phallic stage; boy’s desire for mother and hostility for father
When a boy sees a naked girl for the first time, he believes her penis has been cut off and thinks dad will do the same (castration complex)
What does the Electra complex describe?
The female version of the Oedipus complex; a girl becomes subconsciously sexually attached to her father and hostile toward her mother
This typically occurs in girls between 3 and 6 years old.
What is the latency stage in human development?
Children’s sexual feelings are dormant; they develop values, social skills, and relationships with peers and adults outside the nuclear family
This stage lasts from age 6 to puberty.
What characterizes the genital stage of human development?
Onset of puberty causes the libido to become active again; individuals develop sexual interests in others
Successful resolution leads to the ability to form intimate relationships.
According to Piaget’s theory, how many stages of cognitive development are there?
Four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational, and cognitive
Each stage represents a different way children learn and understand the world.
What is the sensorimotor stage?
The first stage of development lasting from birth to 2 years; learning occurs primarily through sensory input and action
Key achievements include object permanence.
