Unit 1: Human Cells - Key Area 8 - Energy Systems in Muscle Cells Flashcards
What is anaerobic?
The term that describes an environment without oxygen
In anaerobic respiration what is only able to occur?
Glycolysis
When do muscle cell not get sufficient energy?
During vigorous exercise.
What is pyruvate converted into in anaerobic respiration?
Lactate
What does the conversion of pyruvate to lactate involve?
The transfer of hydrogen ions from the NADH produced during glycolysis to pyruvate, which produces lactate.
Why are hydrogen ions produced during glycolysis transferred to pyruvate?
To regenerate the NAD needed to maintain ATP production through glycolysis.
When does muscle fatigue occur?
During anaerobic respiration when lactate accumulates.
Can oxygen debt be repaid and what does this mean?
Yes, meaning the production of lactate is reversible.
What is the speed of contraction of slow twitch muscle fibres?
Slow
What is the length of time contractions can be sustained for slow twitch muscle fibres?
Long
What activities are used for slow twitch muscle fibres?
Marathon running
How do slow twitch muscle fibres generate ATP?
Aerobic respiration
What number of mitochondria do slow twitch muscle fibres have?
Lots
What type of blood supply do slow twitch muscle fibres have?
High/large containing a high concentration of the oxygen storing protein myoglobin.
What is the storage fuel for slow twitch muscle fibres?
Fats
