Unit 1: How Big is Everything?

Question 1

Telescope

Answer 1

• Made by Galileo Galilei when he first joined two lenses

- Earliest lens = 700 BC

Question 2

Microscope

Answer 2

• Zacharias Jensen
• 1590’s
• improvements in magnification and resolution.

Question 3

Resolution

Answer 3

• The smallest distance between two points that can be distinguished using a microscope.
• Telescope: Arcseconds
• Microscope: Meters

Question 4

Magnification

Answer 4

• How much bigger the image is than the object observed

Question 5

Scientific Notation

Answer 5

• Scale of numbers is expressed in terms of powers of 10
• Positive Powers = High Numbers
• Negative Powers = Decimals

Question 6

Femto/Femi

Answer 6

10^-15

Question 7

Pico

Answer 7

10^-12

Question 8

Nano

Answer 8

10^-9

Question 9

Micro

Answer 9

10^-6

Question 10

Milli

Answer 10

10^-3

Question 11

Deci

Answer 11

10^-1

Question 12

Kilo

Answer 12

10^3

Question 13

Mega

Answer 13

10^6

Question 14

Giga

Answer 14

10^9

Question 15

Tera

Answer 15

10^12

Question 16

Parminedes

Answer 16

Matter can always be cut into smaller pieces; it is continuous

Question 17

Democritus

Answer 17

Matter can be broken down into a tiny basic piece: Atomos

Question 18

Rationalism

Answer 18

True Knowledge can only be obtained through thinking

Question 19

Empiricism

Answer 19

True Knowledge can be gained from observation and experience

Question 20

Variable

Answer 20

Any factor that can be controlled or manipulated in order to experimentally investigate a relationship

Question 21

Atom

Answer 21

• Buildings Blocks of Matter
• Considered smallest particle (in some contexts)
• Diameter: - (1-5) * 10^-10 meters

Question 22

Proton

Answer 22

• Subatomic Particle
• In the Nucleus
• Positive Charge
• Diameter = 10^-15 meters
• Mass = 1.6726219 × 10-27kilograms

Question 23

Electron

Answer 23

• Subatomic Particle
• In shells
• Negative Charge
• Diameter = 10^-18 meters
• Mass = 9 10-31kilograms

Question 24

Neutron

Answer 24

• Subatomic Particle
• In the Nucleus
• Neutral Charge
• Diameter = 10^-15 meters
• Mass = 1.674929 x 10-27kilograms

Question 25

Quarks

Answer 25

• Found within Protons and Neutrons
• Up, Down, Bottom, Strange and Charm
• Diameter = 4.33 x 10−19 meters

Question 26

Diamond

Answer 26

• Carbon bonded covalenly to 4 other carbon atoms
• Lattice Structure - Regular 3D Structure
• Lustrous
• Very high melting point
• One of the hardest substances
• Insulator (Heat and Electricity)

Question 27

Experiment

Answer 27

A procedure carried out answer a question and support, validate or invalidate a hypothesis

Question 28

Graphite

Answer 28

• Carbon bonded covalently to 3 other carbon atoms
• Hexagonal Layer Structure
• Opaque black
• High Melting Point
• Strong, but soft (sliding layers)
• Conductor (Heat and Electricity) - Free Electron

Question 29

Graphene

Answer 29

• Carbon bonded covalently to 3 other carbon atoms
• One hexagonal layer of graphite
• High Melting Point
• Very Strong
• Conductor (Heat and Electricity) - Free Electron

Question 30

Fullerene

Answer 30

• Same properties as graphene
• Graphene layers in hollow shapes - tubes, spheres etc.
• Used in nanotechnology and medicine
• high length/diameter ratio

Question 31

Carbon

Answer 31

• Diameter = 2.2 * 10^-11 meters
• Mass = 1.9943072 * 10^-26 kilograms
• Symbol = C
• Makes allotropes
• Non-metal

Question 32

Earth

Answer 32

1.2742 x 10^7 meters

Question 33

Jupiter

Answer 33

1.3982 x 10^8 meters

Question 34

Sun

Answer 34

3.19 x 10^9 meters

Question 35

Solar System

Answer 35

2.8746 x 10^13 meters

Question 36

Nucleus

Answer 36

10^-14 to -15 meters

Question 37

Observable universe

Answer 37

8 x 10^26 meters

Question 38

Milky Way

Answer 38

10^21