Unit 1 - Healthy Diet

Question 1

What are functional foods?

Answer 1

More benefits (nutrients) than negatives

Question 2

What is the standard ratio for macros?

Answer 2

Fat: 25-30%
Protein: 10-35%
Carbs: 45-65%

Question 3

What are the three stages of breast milk? Describe each.

Answer 3

Colostrum - lasts for several days. Yellow and thick. INCREASED PROTEIN, acts as laxative, IgA

Transitional - Up to 2 weeks. Lactose, vitamins (water soluble), INCREASED FAT/CAL

Mature - 10% solids, 85-95% water. 20 cal/oz. Fat is 58% of calories, carb 35-40%.

Question 4

How many calories/oz are contained in breast milk and formula?

Answer 4

Each has 20 cal/oz

Question 5

How many calories do newborns require?

Answer 5

110-120 cal/kg/day

** Decrease to 100 cal/kg/day at 3-6 mo.

Question 6

What is each macro responsible for?

Answer 6

Protein - cell growth
Fat - neuro and brain development
Carbs - energy

Question 7

What issues are associated with feeding only cow’s milk?

Answer 7

Kidney issues, iron deficiency

Question 8

Which vitamin do newborns need to have supplemented? Why? What else is supplemented?

Answer 8

Vitamin D - 400 IU daily, primarily for immune function

** Also fluoride

Question 9

Which group has a higher incidence of lactose intolerance?

Answer 9

African Americans

Question 10

What are anthropometric measurements?

Answer 10

Measure protein and fat

Question 11

What vitamin is folic acid? What does a deficiency lead to?

Answer 11

Vitamin B9. Deficiency leads to decreased neuro development and folic acid anemia.

Question 12

What deficiency does alcoholism lead to?

Answer 12

Thiamine

Question 13

What are the fat soluble vitamins? Why is this important to know?

Answer 13

A, D, E, K - They are not as easily excreted as water soluble vitamins

Question 14

What are the water soluble vitamins?

Answer 14

B, C

Question 15

When should solid foods begin? What signs should you look for?

Answer 15

Around 6 months.

• Shows interest in food
• Tongue extrusion reflex goes away
• Double birth weight
• Turn head

Question 16

What food should be avoided due to its ability to cause allergies?

Answer 16

Strawberries

Question 17

What is a unique food-related phenomena found in toddlers (1-3)

Answer 17

Physiologic anorexia (normal) - Food requirements lower from 1800 to 1300 cal/day

Question 18

What is a unique food-related phenomena found in preschoolers (3-6)

Answer 18

Food jags - fixating on one food

Question 19

What are s/s of Vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 19

Scurvy: bruising, bleeding gums, weakness, fatigue, and rash are among scurvy symptoms.

Question 20

What mineral is crucial for children?

Answer 20

Iron. Start iron-rich cereal at 6-8 months. Other sources include meats, legumes, green leafy vegetables, and oysters.

7-12 mo –> 11 mg/day
Toddler –> 7 mg/day
Kids 4-8 –> 10 mg/day
9-13 yr. –> 8 mg/day

Question 21

What does B12 do? What are signs of deficiency?

Answer 21

Helps regulate the nervous system. It also plays a role in growth and red blood cell formation.

A vitamin B-12 deficiency may cause the following symptoms:

tingling in the feet and hands
extreme fatigue
weakness
irritability or depression

Question 22

What are the levels of prevention? Describe each.

Answer 22

Primary - Actions that prevent disease and accidents. INCLUDES EDUCATION.

Secondary - Actions that promote early detection.

Tertiary - Actions that restore, re-educate, rehabilitate