Unit 1 - Healthy Diet Flashcards
What are functional foods?
More benefits (nutrients) than negatives
What is the standard ratio for macros?
Fat: 25-30%
Protein: 10-35%
Carbs: 45-65%
What are the three stages of breast milk? Describe each.
Colostrum - lasts for several days. Yellow and thick. INCREASED PROTEIN, acts as laxative, IgA
Transitional - Up to 2 weeks. Lactose, vitamins (water soluble), INCREASED FAT/CAL
Mature - 10% solids, 85-95% water. 20 cal/oz. Fat is 58% of calories, carb 35-40%.
How many calories/oz are contained in breast milk and formula?
Each has 20 cal/oz
How many calories do newborns require?
110-120 cal/kg/day
** Decrease to 100 cal/kg/day at 3-6 mo.
What is each macro responsible for?
Protein - cell growth
Fat - neuro and brain development
Carbs - energy
What issues are associated with feeding only cow’s milk?
Kidney issues, iron deficiency
Which vitamin do newborns need to have supplemented? Why? What else is supplemented?
Vitamin D - 400 IU daily, primarily for immune function
** Also fluoride
Which group has a higher incidence of lactose intolerance?
African Americans
What are anthropometric measurements?
Measure protein and fat
What vitamin is folic acid? What does a deficiency lead to?
Vitamin B9. Deficiency leads to decreased neuro development and folic acid anemia.
What deficiency does alcoholism lead to?
Thiamine
What are the fat soluble vitamins? Why is this important to know?
A, D, E, K - They are not as easily excreted as water soluble vitamins
What are the water soluble vitamins?
B, C
When should solid foods begin? What signs should you look for?
Around 6 months.
- Shows interest in food
- Tongue extrusion reflex goes away
- Double birth weight
- Turn head
What food should be avoided due to its ability to cause allergies?
Strawberries
What is a unique food-related phenomena found in toddlers (1-3)
Physiologic anorexia (normal) - Food requirements lower from 1800 to 1300 cal/day
What is a unique food-related phenomena found in preschoolers (3-6)
Food jags - fixating on one food
What are s/s of Vitamin C deficiency?
Scurvy: bruising, bleeding gums, weakness, fatigue, and rash are among scurvy symptoms.
What mineral is crucial for children?
Iron. Start iron-rich cereal at 6-8 months. Other sources include meats, legumes, green leafy vegetables, and oysters.
7-12 mo –> 11 mg/day
Toddler –> 7 mg/day
Kids 4-8 –> 10 mg/day
9-13 yr. –> 8 mg/day
What does B12 do? What are signs of deficiency?
Helps regulate the nervous system. It also plays a role in growth and red blood cell formation.
A vitamin B-12 deficiency may cause the following symptoms:
tingling in the feet and hands
extreme fatigue
weakness
irritability or depression
What are the levels of prevention? Describe each.
Primary - Actions that prevent disease and accidents. INCLUDES EDUCATION.
Secondary - Actions that promote early detection.
Tertiary - Actions that restore, re-educate, rehabilitate
