Unit 1: Globalization Flashcards
Define Globalization
The process of becoming increasingly interconnected and interdependent
What is Environmental Globalization?
Borderless effects of environmental destruction and effort to maintain our environment
What are examples of Environmental Globalization?
Natural Disasters
Climate Change
Sharing Resources
Sharing ideas for maintaining the environment
Specific examples are: Kyoto protocol and Rio Declaration
What is cultural globalization?
The sharing & interconnectedness of beliefs, language, values, traditions, heritages and etiquettes (polite behavior)
What is an example of Cultural Globalization?
Social media, cultural festivals, food, spread of language, religion
Specific examples: Religious places, Canada’s bilingualism, World Youth Day
What is economic globalization?
The integration (intermixing) of economics around the world
What are examples of economic globalization?
Trade, Manufacturing in different countries, multi-national corporation, foreign investment, global stock markets
Specific examples: EU; Free trade agreements (NAFTA, TPP)
What is military globalization?
The use of force to defend, attack or provide security for one’s own nation or for other nations
What are examples of military globalization?
Allies, peacekeeping, defense against terrorist groups
Specific examples: NATO, Warsaw pact, WW1 & WW2 allies
What is knowledge globalization?
The international sharing of research and ideas
What are examples of knowledge globalization?
Social media, education, technology, architecture, design, fashion, news, history
Specific examples: Nobel Prize, The polio vaccine (developed in U.S, used worldwide)
What is political globalization?
When governmental action takes place on an international level concerning people in all/most countries; welfare of citizens decided by international political body
What are examples of political globalization?
Establishing global policies, inter-governmental agencies, and negotiating agreements
Specific Ex: United Nations, EU, The international court of justice
What does cultural hybridization mean?
The blending of cultures
Ex. Spanish + Indigenous = Tagalog
What are the opportunities of Globalization?
- Acculturation
- Cultural Revitalization
- Affirmation of Identity
What are the challenges of Globalization?
- Assimilation
- Marginalization
- Homogenization
What could be a challenge and opportunity of globalization?
Accommodation & Integration
What does acculturation mean and is it a challenge or opportunity?
Acculturation is when individuals and groups of individuals from different cultures come into continuous contact which leads to changes in the culture of either or both groups; Its an opportunity
What does Cultural Revitalization mean and is it a challenge or opportunity?
Efforts to grow or restore a culture; it’s an opportunity
What does affirmation of identity mean and is it a challenge or opportunity?
Working to celebrate and protect an identity; opportunity
What does assimilation mean and is it a challenge or opportunity?
The process of one culture being absorbed and/or erased into another culture; Challenge
What does marginalization mean and is it a challenge or opportunity?
When a culture is treated as less important or less powerful than an other culture; challenge
What does homogenization mean?
When different cultures are blended into one single culture; challenge
What does accommodation mean and is it a challenge or opportunity?
When individuals take on values & beliefs of a culture & accommodate (adapt to) them in the public sphere while maintaining their own culture in the private sphere; Its both a challenge & opportunity
What does integration mean and is it a challenge or opportunity?
Mixing multiple cultures together; Both it’s a challenge and opportunity
Cultural Homogenization: What did globalization do that was a bad thing?
They put Europeans in contact with Indigenous groups in Canada and then residential schools were created to assimilate & homogenize aboriginals into European culture
What are residential schools now referred to as?
Cultural Genocide (killing off an ethnic group deliberately)
What has Environmental globalization lead to a concern of?
That increased interaction between producers in the global economic market can be attributed to growing environmental issues
What has Environmental globalization lead to a concern of? #2
Globalization can also increase access to global markets which can lead to global pollution issues
What are 3 cons of environmental globalization that increased access and interaction has lead to?
- Increased competition which can motivate people to cut costs (Can be expensive to protect the environment)
- Moving production to areas with weak environmental laws (which increases production, which increases pollution, which increases environmental impacts)
- Increased trade leading to increased pollution which is caused by consumer demand for goods
What are 3 pros of environmental globalization?
Increased interaction can lead to “higher” levels of interconnectedness that can foster new ideas and change.
- Increased levels of intergovernmental initiative to combat global pollution
- Increased knowledge and shared resources can help countries deal with global environmental issues
What is a pro of cultural globalization?
Increased interconnectedness can lead to preservation of languages
What is an example of cultural strengthening
UN DESA & it’s work on protecting indigenous languages is an example of cultural strengthening
What is one of the main components of globalization & economics?
Trade liberalization
Economic Globalization: As the world becomes more intertwined______________
our economies will become more closely tied together
What does trade liberalization do?
It removes barriers (tariffs) that restrain trade between countries
What is an example of trade liberalization and what does it do?
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) aka. USMCA is a trade agreement that spurred (urged/made) massive levels of imports and exports which lead to $1.2 trillion of trade between USMCA
Military Globalization: What is NATO?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Formed April 14 1949
What was NATO’s purpose?
To create a military alliance during the cold war to combat the spread of communism (USSR). If a member was attacked, there was an obligation of member nations to come to the aid of the nation military
Where is NATO most active right now?
Most active in Turkey and Afghanistan
What are 2 examples of knowledge globalization?
The silk road and International Space Station (ISS)
What was the silk road and what was shared?
The silk road was a number of interconnected trade routes that linked Europe to Eastern China; Silk was traded but so was ideas, knowledge, weapons, spiced etc.
What was the ISS and what was it’s purpose?
The ISS is the international space station and it’s purpose was research. It was a collaboration between Canada, U.S, Japan, Russia & Europe
What research did they do on the ISS?
Astrobiology, Astronomy, Human research which included space medicine & life sciences, physical sciences, materials sciences, space weather & weather on earth
What is an example of political globalization?
The united nations
When was the United Nations founded & why?
Founded in 1945 after ww2 to promote peace; was build in the remains of the league of nations which failed to stop ww2
How many member states does the United Nations have?
193 but some are not recognized by members in the UN
Where is the United nations headquarters and what do people think of it?
It’s headquarters is in NYC and some people think it led to peace while others believe it is corrupt & ineffective
What are the 3 cons of Political Globalization?
Cons:
- Loss of sovereignty (Power & authority)
- Failure & corruption of supra-national organizations
- Hard to harmonize goals of international organizations
What are the 3 pros of Political Globalization?
Pros:
- Global problems are shared
- International Non Government Organizations
- Supra national organizations dedicated to peace
What are the 3 cons of Environmental Globalization?
Cons:
- overconsumption
- population growth
- climate change
- Weak international promises to environmentalism
- Can be dangerous & expensive to be obligated (militarily) to other nations
What are the 3 pros of Environmental Globalization?
Pros:
- International commitment to fighting climate change
- Shared research to produce environmental friendly technologies & energy
- Collective Security
What is the con of military globalization?
- The international arms trade, they irresponsibly transport those weapons which can destabilize security in a region and enable the violation of security council arms prohibition & it contributes to human rights abuses
What is the pro of military globalization?
They use force to promote peace around the world
What is a con of cultural globalization?
Cultural Homogenization (loss of languages) & Cultural Marginalization (slave trade) or Assimilation (residential schools)
What are the 2 pros of cultural globalization?
Cultural revitalization (protecting and preserving endangered languages & Cultural diversification (travel, food, religion, language etc.)
What are the 2 cons of knowledge globalization?
Not equally sharing information and the spread of non-useful or incorrect information
What are the 2 pros of knowledge globalization?
- Spread of useful inventions (wheel, internet) & international collaboration (ISS)
What are 3 cons of economic globalization?
- Increased difference between south and north
- Loss of economic sovereignty (power & authority)
- Decrease in jobs
What are 3 pros of economic globalization?
- Increased wealth
- Increased Jobs
- Increased product and service diversity
What is diversification?
Producing a variety of something (languages, cultures)
What are Language laws?
Laws to determine how languages are used, develop language skills needed to meet national
priorities, or to establish the rights of individuals or groups to use and maintain languages.
What are linguistic rights?
Legal rights to choose the language or languages for communication in a private or public atmosphere.
What is Cultural content legislation?
Laws stating that a certain amount of content presented in media must be of a specific culture.
Linguistic revitalization:
Efforts to promote and increase the use of a language.
What is identity?
The traits, characteristics, social relations, roles, and social group memberships that define who a person is
What are master identities?
Those aspects of self that are relatively stable (gender, age, ethnicity, national and regional origins)
What are international identities?
Those aspects of self that are situationally defined (a
person may be a friend, employee, student, son, or
boyfriend, depending on who he is with)
What are personal identities?
Those aspects of self that are related to personality
serious, fun-loving, timid, aggressive, etc.
What are the 9 ways to express identity?
The arts religion spirituality traditions Ideological beliefs (myths, legends, folklore) Religion Relationship to land Role modelling Language
What are the 5 language laws in Canada?
Official Languages act- French & English official languages
Canadian Charter of Rights & Freedoms: Equal rights, privileges, protection of minority languages
Bill 101: Made French the official public language in Quebec
Indian Act: Made residential schools compulsory
Indigenous languages act: Recognizes & supports indigenous languages
What does CRTC stand for?
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
So, while globalization may threaten identities……
It also pushes people to want to strengthen their
identities
What does CRTC do?
It’s an independent public authority in charge of regulating & supervising Canadian broadcasting/telecommunications
What is one of CRTC’s goals?
to ensure that Canadian radio and broadcasting content meets the needs & interests of Canadians by delivering entertaining, high-quality Canadian-made creative content from diverse sources on a
variety of platforms.
How does CRTC make sure it’s goals are reached?
CRTC has created rules that all Tv & radio stations must follow
Identity: As cultural homogenization increases_______
so do people’s motivation to maintain,
defend, and expand their local, master
identities
