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AP Human Geography > UNIT 1: Geography, It's Nature and Perspectives > Flashcards

UNIT 1: Geography, It's Nature and Perspectives Flashcards

1
Q

abiotic

A

composed of nonliving or inorganic matter

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2
Q

absolute location

A

description of the position of a place in a way that never changes, such as geographic coordinates of latitude and longitude

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3
Q

acculturation

A

the process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups, each of which retains distinct cultural features

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4
Q

assimiliation

A

the process by which a group’s cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group

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5
Q

atmosphere

A

the thin layer of gases surrounding the Earth

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6
Q

behavioral geography

A

an approach to human geography that emphasizes the importance of understand the psychological basis for individual human actions in space

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7
Q

biosphere

A

all living organisms on Earth, including plants and animals, as well as microorganisms

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8
Q

biotic

A

composed of living organisms

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9
Q

cartogram

A

a map in which the projection and scale are distorted in order to convey the information of a variable

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10
Q

cartography

A

the science of making maps

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11
Q

chloropleth map

A

a map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the variable

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12
Q

citizen science

A

scientific research by amateur scientists

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13
Q

climate

A

the long-term average weather condition in a particular location

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14
Q

concentration

A

the extent of a feature’s spread over a given area

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15
Q

connection

A

the relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space

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16
Q

conservation

A

the sustainable management of a natural resource to meet human needs

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17
Q

contagious diffusion

A

the rapid, wide-spread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population

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18
Q

coordinated universal time (UTC)

A

Informally Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), the time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degrees longitude

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19
Q

cultural ecology

A

a geography approach that emphasizes human-enviornment relationships

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20
Q

cultural landscape

A

an approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area

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21
Q

culture

A

the body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitutes the distinct tradition of a group of people

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22
Q

density

A

the frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area

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23
Q

diffusion

A

the process by which a feature spreads from one place to another over time

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24
Q

distance decay

A

the diminshed importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin

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25
distribution
the arrangement of something across Earth's surface
26
dot distribution image
a map that depicts data that consists of discrete observations. each dot represents a predetermined number of observations, which could be one or many
27
ecology
the scientific study of ecosystems
28
ecosystem
a group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact
29
environmental determinism
a nineteenth and early twentieth-century approach to the study of geography which argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities
30
expansion diffusion
the spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in an additive process
31
formal region (uniform region)
an area in which most people share in one or more distinctive characteristics
32
functional region (nodal region)
an area organized around a node or focal point
33
geographic information science (GIScience)
analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information techniques
34
geographic information system (GIS)
a computer system that captures, stores, queries, and displays geographic data
35
geotagging
identification and storage of a piece of information by its precise latitude and longitude coordinates
36
global posiitoning system (GPS)
a system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers
37
globalization
actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope
38
graduated symbol map
a map that displays symbols that change in size according to the value of the variable
39
hearth
a place from which an innovation originates
40
hierarchial diffusion
the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places
41
humanistic geography
an approach to human geography that emphasizes the different ways that individuals form ideas about place and give those places symbolic meanings
42
hydrosphere
all of the water on and near the Earth's surface
43
international data line
an arc that for the most part follows the 180-degree longitude. when the international data line is crossed heading east (towards America), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. when it is crossed heading west (toward Asia), the calendar moves ahead one day.
44
isoline map
a map that connects places of a particular value by lines
45
latitude
the numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator (0-degrees)
46
lithosphere
Earth's crust and a portion of upper mantle directly below the crust
47
location
the position of anything on Earth's surface
48
longitude
the numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian (0-degrees)
49
map
a two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth's surface or a portion of it
50
map scale
the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface
51
mashup
a map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service
52
meme
contagious diffusion through the internet or social media
53
mental map
a representation of a portion of Earth's surface based on what an individual knows about a place that contains personal impressions of what is in the place and where the place is located
54
meridian
an arc drawn on a map between the Northa and South pole
55
network
a chain of communication that connects places
56
nonrenewable resource
a resource that is produced in nature more slowly that it is consumed by humans
57
parallel
a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians
58
participatory GIS (PGIS)
community-based mapping, representing local knowledge and information
59
pattern
the geometric or regular arrangement of something in a particular area
60
photogrammetry
the science of taking measurements of Earth's surface from photographs
61
place
a specific point on Earth, distinguished by a particular characteristic
62
polder
land that the Dutch have created by draining water from an area
63
possibilism
the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust n the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives
64
poststructuralist geography
geographic approach that examines how powerful in a society dominate, or seek to control, less powerful groups, how the dominated groups occupy space, and confrontations that result from the domination
65
perservation
the maintenance of resources in their present condition, with as little human impact as possible
66
prime meridian
the meridian, designated as 0-degrees longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England
67
projection
a system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map
68
region
an area distinguished by one or more distinctive characteristics
69
relocation diffusion
the spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to anotehr
70
remote sensing
the acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long-distance methods
71
renewable resource
a resource that is produced by nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans
72
resource
a substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially accpetable to use
73
scale
the realtionship between the portion of Earth beign studied and Earth as a whole
74
site
the physical character of a place
75
sitution (relative location)
the location fo a place relative to another place
76
space
the physical gap or interval between two objects
77
space-time compression
the reduction in the time it takes to diffused something to a distance place a s a result of improved communications and transportation systems
78
spatial assocation
the relationship between the distribution of one feature and the distribution of another feature
79
stimulus diffusion
the spread of an underlying principle
80
sustainability
the use of Earth's renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resources use in teh future
81
sustainability
the use of Earth's renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resources use in the future
82
syncretism
the combining of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature
83
toponym
the name given to a portion of Earth's surface
84
transnational corporation
a company that conducts research, operates factories and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or sharedholders are located
85
uneven development
the increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral countries/regions as a result of the globalization of the economy
86
vernacular region (perceptual region)
an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity
87
volunteered geographic information (VGI)
creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed voluntarily and free by individuals

AP Human Geography (1 decks)

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