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AP Human Geography > UNIT 1: Geography, It's Nature and Perspectives > Flashcards

UNIT 1: Geography, It's Nature and Perspectives Flashcards

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1
Q

abiotic

A

composed of nonliving or inorganic matter

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2
Q

absolute location

A

description of the position of a place in a way that never changes, such as geographic coordinates of latitude and longitude

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3
Q

acculturation

A

the process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups, each of which retains distinct cultural features

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4
Q

assimiliation

A

the process by which a group’s cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group

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5
Q

atmosphere

A

the thin layer of gases surrounding the Earth

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6
Q

behavioral geography

A

an approach to human geography that emphasizes the importance of understand the psychological basis for individual human actions in space

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7
Q

biosphere

A

all living organisms on Earth, including plants and animals, as well as microorganisms

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8
Q

biotic

A

composed of living organisms

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9
Q

cartogram

A

a map in which the projection and scale are distorted in order to convey the information of a variable

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10
Q

cartography

A

the science of making maps

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11
Q

chloropleth map

A

a map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the variable

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12
Q

citizen science

A

scientific research by amateur scientists

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13
Q

climate

A

the long-term average weather condition in a particular location

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14
Q

concentration

A

the extent of a feature’s spread over a given area

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15
Q

connection

A

the relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space

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16
Q

conservation

A

the sustainable management of a natural resource to meet human needs

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17
Q

contagious diffusion

A

the rapid, wide-spread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population

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18
Q

coordinated universal time (UTC)

A

Informally Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), the time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degrees longitude

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19
Q

cultural ecology

A

a geography approach that emphasizes human-enviornment relationships

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20
Q

cultural landscape

A

an approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area

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21
Q

culture

A

the body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitutes the distinct tradition of a group of people

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22
Q

density

A

the frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area

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23
Q

diffusion

A

the process by which a feature spreads from one place to another over time

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24
Q

distance decay

A

the diminshed importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin

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25
Q

distribution

A

the arrangement of something across Earth’s surface

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26
Q

dot distribution image

A

a map that depicts data that consists of discrete observations. each dot represents a predetermined number of observations, which could be one or many

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27
Q

ecology

A

the scientific study of ecosystems

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28
Q

ecosystem

A

a group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact

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29
Q

environmental determinism

A

a nineteenth and early twentieth-century approach to the study of geography which argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities

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30
Q

expansion diffusion

A

the spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in an additive process

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31
Q

formal region (uniform region)

A

an area in which most people share in one or more distinctive characteristics

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32
Q

functional region (nodal region)

A

an area organized around a node or focal point

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33
Q

geographic information science (GIScience)

A

analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information techniques

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34
Q

geographic information system (GIS)

A

a computer system that captures, stores, queries, and displays geographic data

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35
Q

geotagging

A

identification and storage of a piece of information by its precise latitude and longitude coordinates

36
Q

global posiitoning system (GPS)

A

a system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers

37
Q

globalization

A

actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope

38
Q

graduated symbol map

A

a map that displays symbols that change in size according to the value of the variable

39
Q

hearth

A

a place from which an innovation originates

40
Q

hierarchial diffusion

A

the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places

41
Q

humanistic geography

A

an approach to human geography that emphasizes the different ways that individuals form ideas about place and give those places symbolic meanings

42
Q

hydrosphere

A

all of the water on and near the Earth’s surface

43
Q

international data line

A

an arc that for the most part follows the 180-degree longitude. when the international data line is crossed heading east (towards America), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. when it is crossed heading west (toward Asia), the calendar moves ahead one day.

44
Q

isoline map

A

a map that connects places of a particular value by lines

45
Q

latitude

A

the numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator (0-degrees)

46
Q

lithosphere

A

Earth’s crust and a portion of upper mantle directly below the crust

47
Q

location

A

the position of anything on Earth’s surface

48
Q

longitude

A

the numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian (0-degrees)

49
Q

map

A

a two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth’s surface or a portion of it

50
Q

map scale

A

the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth’s surface

51
Q

mashup

A

a map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service

52
Q

meme

A

contagious diffusion through the internet or social media

53
Q

mental map

A

a representation of a portion of Earth’s surface based on what an individual knows about a place that contains personal impressions of what is in the place and where the place is located

54
Q

meridian

A

an arc drawn on a map between the Northa and South pole

55
Q

network

A

a chain of communication that connects places

56
Q

nonrenewable resource

A

a resource that is produced in nature more slowly that it is consumed by humans

57
Q

parallel

A

a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians

58
Q

participatory GIS (PGIS)

A

community-based mapping, representing local knowledge and information

59
Q

pattern

A

the geometric or regular arrangement of something in a particular area

60
Q

photogrammetry

A

the science of taking measurements of Earth’s surface from photographs

61
Q

place

A

a specific point on Earth, distinguished by a particular characteristic

62
Q

polder

A

land that the Dutch have created by draining water from an area

63
Q

possibilism

A

the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust n the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives

64
Q

poststructuralist geography

A

geographic approach that examines how powerful in a society dominate, or seek to control, less powerful groups, how the dominated groups occupy space, and confrontations that result from the domination

65
Q

perservation

A

the maintenance of resources in their present condition, with as little human impact as possible

66
Q

prime meridian

A

the meridian, designated as 0-degrees longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England

67
Q

projection

A

a system used to transfer locations from Earth’s surface to a flat map

68
Q

region

A

an area distinguished by one or more distinctive characteristics

69
Q

relocation diffusion

A

the spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to anotehr

70
Q

remote sensing

A

the acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long-distance methods

71
Q

renewable resource

A

a resource that is produced by nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans

72
Q

resource

A

a substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially accpetable to use

73
Q

scale

A

the realtionship between the portion of Earth beign studied and Earth as a whole

74
Q

site

A

the physical character of a place

75
Q

sitution (relative location)

A

the location fo a place relative to another place

76
Q

space

A

the physical gap or interval between two objects

77
Q

space-time compression

A

the reduction in the time it takes to diffused something to a distance place a s a result of improved communications and transportation systems

78
Q

spatial assocation

A

the relationship between the distribution of one feature and the distribution of another feature

79
Q

stimulus diffusion

A

the spread of an underlying principle

80
Q

sustainability

A

the use of Earth’s renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resources use in teh future

81
Q

sustainability

A

the use of Earth’s renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resources use in the future

82
Q

syncretism

A

the combining of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature

83
Q

toponym

A

the name given to a portion of Earth’s surface

84
Q

transnational corporation

A

a company that conducts research, operates factories and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or sharedholders are located

85
Q

uneven development

A

the increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral countries/regions as a result of the globalization of the economy

86
Q

vernacular region (perceptual region)

A

an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity

87
Q

volunteered geographic information (VGI)

A

creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed voluntarily and free by individuals

AP Human Geography (1 decks)

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