Unit 1 - Genetics

Question 1

Chromatid

Answer 1

One half of a duplicated chromosome

Question 2

Centromere

Answer 2

The region where the spindle fibres attach during cell division

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

Deoxyribonucleic acid, instructions for the unique functions of the body, found in the nucleus

Question 4

Chromosomes

Answer 4

Found in every cell, long piece of coiled DNA wrapped around proteins, humans have 46 total (23 pairs), condensed

Question 5

Chromatin

Answer 5

Relaxed/uncoiled form of chromosomes

Question 6

Sister Chromatids

Answer 6

These are identical pairs that are part of the make up of replicated chromosomes

Question 7

Genes

Answer 7

Sections of DNA that code for proteins, the differences in these accounts for why we are all slightly different

Question 8

Main stages of The Cell Cycle

Answer 8

Interphase, Cell division

Question 9

Mitosis

Answer 9

A type of cell division, function: growth and repair

Question 10

Meiosis

Answer 10

A type of cell division, function: to produce reproductive cells (sperm and ovum)

Question 11

Interphase

Answer 11

The cell spends around 90% of its time in this phase, the cell takes in nutrients, grows and replicates, G1, S, G2

Question 12

G1 phase

Answer 12

One of the three phases of interphase, first growth phase, cell grows and produces new proteins and organelles

Question 13

S phase

Answer 13

One of the three phases of interphase, synthesis phase, DNA is replicated

Question 14

G2 phase

Answer 14

One of the three phases of interphase, second growth phase, cell produces the organelles and structures needed for cell division

Question 15

Prophase (M phase)

Answer 15

• First phase of mitosis
• Chromatin condenses to become chromosomes (2 sister chromatids)
• Nuclear envelope disintegrates
• Mitotic spindle/spindle fibres form
• Centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell

Question 16

Metaphase (M phase)

Answer 16

• Second phase of mitosis
• Chromosomes move to the centromeres of the cell
• Mitotic spindles attach to the middle of the chromosome
• Sister chromatids are considered one single chromosome as long as they are connected at the centromere

Question 17

Anaphase (M phase)

Answer 17

• Third phase of mitosis
• Sister Chromatids part at the centromere
• They are pulled to opposites poles by the centriole

Question 18

Telophase (M phase)

Answer 18

• Fourth and final stage of mitosis
• Mitotic spindle breaks down
• two new nuclei are formed
• cell splits into two new daughter cells by pinching inward
• Cytokinesis (cytoplasm divides)

Question 19

End result of mitosis

Answer 19

Two new genetically identical daughter cells are formed

Question 20

Apoptosis

Answer 20

regulated cell death when a cell is not functioning properly or has copied itself improperly