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A.P Government > UNIT 1: Foundations of American Democracy > Flashcards

UNIT 1: Foundations of American Democracy Flashcards

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1
Q

The process by which changes may be made to the Constitution

A

Amendment

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2
Q

A two-house legislature

A

bicameral

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2
Q

The opposed to the proposed constitution, who favored stronger state governments

A

Anti-Federalists

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3
Q

A governing document that created a union of thirteen sovereign states in which the states, not the naitonal government, were supreme.

A

Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union

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4
Q

A type of grant-in-aid that gives state officials more authority in the disbursement of federal funds.

A

Block Grant

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5
Q

An Antifederalist Paper arguing that the country was too large to be governed as a republic and that the Constitution gave too much power to the national government

A

Brutus No. 1

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6
Q

Grants-in-aid provided to states with specific provisions on their use.

A

categorical grants

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7
Q

A design of government in which each branch has powers that can prevent the other branches from making policy.

A

checks and balances

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8
Q

Grants Congress the authority to regulate interstate business and commercial activity.

A

commerce clause

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9
Q

Powers granted to both states and the federal government in the Constitution.

A

concurrent powers

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10
Q

A system where the subnational governments have most of the power.

A

confederal system

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11
Q

A document that sets out the fundamental principles of governance and establishes the institutions of government.

A

constitution

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12
Q

A meeting attended by state delegates in 1787 to fix the articles of confederation.

A

Constitutional Convention

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13
Q

A democratic system with elected representatives in which the Constitution is the supreme law.

A

constitutional republic

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14
Q

A form of American federalism in which the states and the national government work together to shape public policy.

A

cooperative federalism

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15
Q

A system of government where power is held by the people.

A

democracy

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16
Q

Returning more authority to state or local governments.

A

devolution

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17
Q

A form of American federalism in which the states and the nation operate independently in their own areas of public policy.

A

dual federalism

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18
Q

A theory of democracy that the elites have a disproportionate amount of influence in the policymaking process.

A

elitist theory

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19
Q

Powers explicitly granted to the national government through the Constitution.

A

enumerated or expressed powers

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20
Q

Powers only the national government may exercise.

A

exclusive powers

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21
Q

The institution responsible for carrying out laws passed by the legislative branch.

A

executive branch

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22
Q

The requirement that officials in one state return a defendant to another state where a crime was committed.

A

extradition

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23
Q

A group of self-interested people who use the government to get what they want, trampling the rights of others in the process.

A

faction

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24
Q

A system where power is divided between the national and state governments.

A

federal system

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25
Q

The sharing of power between the national government and the states.

A

federalism

26
Q

An essay in which Madison argues that the dangers of faction can be mitigated by a large republic and republican government.

A

Federalist No. 10

27
Q

An essay in which Madison argues that separation of powers and federalism will prevent tyranny.

A

Federalist No. 51

28
Q

A series of eighty-five essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay and published between 1787 and 1788 that lay out the theory behind the Constitution.

A

Federalist Papers

29
Q

Supporters of the proposed constitution, who called for a strong national government.

A

Federalists

30
Q

The federal government’s use of grants-in-aid to influence policies in the states.

A

fiscal federalism

31
Q

Constitutional amendment that provides that persons born in the United States are citizens and prohibits states from denying persons due process or equal protection under the law.

A

Fourteenth Amendment

32
Q

Constitutional clause requiring states to recognize the public acts, records, and civil court proceedings from another state.

A

full faith and credit clause

33
Q

The rules and institutions that make up that system of policymaking.

A

government

34
Q

Federal money provided to states to implement public policy objectives.

A

grants-in-aid

35
Q

An agreement for a plan of government that drew upon both the Virginia and New Jersey Plans; it settled issues of state representation by calling for a bicameral legislature with a House of Representatives apportioned proportionately and a Senate apportioned equally.

A

Great (Connecticut) Compromise

36
Q

Rights the government cannot take away.

A

inalienable rights

37
Q

The institution responsible for hearing and deciding cases through the federal courts.

A

judicial branch

38
Q

The institution responsible for making laws.

A

legislative branch

39
Q

Social, political, and economic freedoms.

A

liberty

40
Q

The right to life, liberty, and property, which government cannot take away.

A

natural rights

41
Q

Grants the federal government the authority to pass laws required to carry out its enumerated powers. Also called the elastic clause.

A

necessary and proper clause

42
Q

A plan of government that provided for a unicameral legislature with equal votes for each states.

A

New Jersey Plan

43
Q

A theory that widespread political participation is essential for democratic government.

A

participatory democracy

44
Q

A theory of democracy that emphasizes the role of groups in the policymaking process.

A

pluralist theory

45
Q

The structure of government, including the executive, legislature, and judiciary.

A

political institutions

46
Q

The process of influencing the actions and policies of government.

A

politics

47
Q

Constitutional clause that prevents states from discriminating against people from out of state.

A

privileges and immunities clause

48
Q

A government ruled by representatives of the people.

A

republic

49
Q

A system in which the government’s authority comes from the people.

A

republicanism

50
Q

Powers not given to the national government, which are retained by the states and the people.

A

reserved powers

51
Q

The process through which the Supreme Court applies fundamental rights in the Bill of Rights to the states on a case-by-case basis.

A

selective incorporation

52
Q

A design of government that distributes powers across institutions in order to avoid making one branch too powerful on its own.

A

separation of powers

53
Q

A popular uprising against the government of Massachusetts.

A

Shays’s Rebellion

54
Q

People allow their governments to rule over them to ensure an orderly and functioning society.

A

social contract

55
Q

Constitutional provision declaring that the Constitution and all national laws and treaties are the supreme law of the land.

A

supremacy clause

56
Q

Reserves powers not delegated to the national government to the states and the people; the basis of federalism.

A

10th Amendment

57
Q

Constitutional amendment that outlaws slavery.

A

13th Amendment

58
Q

An agreement reached by delegates at the Constitutional Convention that a slave would count as three-fifths of a person in calculating a state’s representation.

A

3/5th Compromise

59
Q

Federal requirements that states must follow without being provided with funding.

A

unfunded mandate

60
Q

A one-house legislature

A

unicameral

61
Q

A system where the central government has all of the power over subnational governments

A

Unitary system

62
Q

A plan of government calling for a three-branch government with a bicameral legislature, where more populous states would have more representation in Congress.

A

Virginia Plan

63
Q

The right of people detained by the government to know the charges against them.

A

writ of habeas corpus

A.P Government (1 decks)

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