Unit 1: Foreign Policy, etc. Flashcards
International Relations
- the interaction between and among nations
- the code of behavior for nations to interact with one another that has developed over hundreds of years
Foreign Policy
-goals and guidelines that shape conduct of a nation’s relations with other nations
Foreign Policy Choices
- isolationism: detachment from world affairs
- neutrality/nonalignment: refusing to take sides on an issue or dispute
- involvement/intervention: in the affairs of other nations
3 Main Interests When Developing Foreign Policy
- Security interests
- Economic interests
- Ideological interests
President When Making Foreign Policy
-Most important person
President Sets Foreign Policy Agenda and Congress must…..
react to it
President’s Powers
- power to conduct war
- make treaties or other international agreements
- appoint ambassadors or other top officials
Congress’s Powers (Under Constitution)
- declare war
- control spending
- approve treaties
- confirm presidential nominations
- pass laws or resolutions in regard to a policy
War Powers Act
allows president to call troops for 60 days before requiring Congressional support
Recognition
before a nation can conduct foreign policy, it must be formally recognized as a legitimate nation by other nations
How many nations does the US recognize?
195 nations
Embassy
The recognition or 1 nation by another occurs through the exchange of ambassadors or representatives of the 2 nations
What do embassies consist of?
- an ambassador
- a staff
where are embassies stationed?
In the capital of the host nation
What is the function of an embassy?
to gather and report information about the host nation and represent its own government
what can a nation do if it is displeased with another nation?
a nation can recall its ambassador
How many official diplomatic relations does the US have?
The US has official diplomatic relations with 191 countries
What countries do we not have official diplomatic relations with
- Iran
- Bhutan
- North Korea
Consulates
- To assist citizens of the home nation who are visiting abroad
- To help visitors or immigrants to the home nation obtain visa applications
Diplomacy
- the art of international consultation and negotiation–defines how foreign policy is conducted among nations
- A great deal of formality and ritual is associated with diplomacy
Protocols
a rule which guides how an activity should be performed
Treaty
a written document describing the terms of a agreement between or among nations
Alliance
when two or more nations agree to support a common goal
Other terms for alliance?
- pact
- accord
- league
- union
- organization
Covert Activities
elaborate networks of security systems & spies have been devised by nations to keep their own activities secret from the world & to find out other nation’s secrets
Summit Meetings
occur between heads of state
Foreign Aid
international transfer of money, goods, or services, for the mutual benefit of countries & their people
Forms of Foreign Aid? (8)
- Bilateral Aid
- Tied Aid
- Multilateral Aid
- Reconstruction Aid
- Military Aid
- Development Aid
- Food Aid
- Disaster Aid
Bilateral Aid
- Most FA consists of financial transactions between two countries
- May be in the form of grants (recipient doesn’t have to repay) or loans (usually to finance development programs)
Tied Aid
FA loans that have conditions placed on them, such as buying goods produced in the donor country
Multilateral Aid
When FA is supported by many donor countries &is generally distributed by an international organization, such as the World Bank
Reconstruction Aid
EX: Marshall Plan to help rebuild Europe after WW2
Military Aid
Providing personnel, training, & equipment
Development Aid
Seen as an investment in trade
Food Aid
Usually about providing food to those who need it
Disaster Aid
Emergency relief of human suffering in the wave of natural disaster
