Unit 1: Fluid and Electrolytes Flashcards
1
Q
Potassium
A
3.5 - 5.0
2
Q
Sodium
A
135 - 145
3
Q
Calcium
A
8.5 - 10.2
4
Q
Phosphate/Phosphorous
A
2.5 - 4.5
5
Q
Magnesium
A
1.5 - 2.5
6
Q
Creatinine
A
Males: 0.6 - 1.2
Females: 0.5 - 1.1
7
Q
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
A
10 - 20
8
Q
pH
A
7.35 - 7.45
9
Q
PCO2
A
35 - 45
10
Q
SaO2
A
95 - 100
11
Q
HCO3
A
22 - 26
12
Q
Hgb (Hemoglobin)
A
Males: 14 - 18
Females: 12 - 16
13
Q
Hct (Hematocrit)
A
Males: 42 - 52
Females: 37 - 47
14
Q
Plt (Platelet)
A
150,000 - 400,000
15
Q
Glucose
A
70 - 100
16
Q
Low pH
A
Acidosis
17
Q
High pH
A
Alkalosis
18
Q
HCO3 predicts what imbalance
A
Metabolic
19
Q
PCO2 predicts what?
A
Respiratory
20
Q
Hypokalemia think
A
Low and Slow
21
Q
Hyperkalemia think
A
Tight and Contracted
22
Q
Hypokalemia Cardiac Symptoms
A
Flat T-Waves, ST Depression, Prominent U Wave
23
Q
Function of Potassium
A
Maintain heart and muscle contractions
24
Q
Hopokalemia GI Symptoms
A
Decreased Motility, Hypoactive or Absent Bowel Sounds, Constipation, Abdominal Distention, Paralytic Ileaus (Paralysed Intestine; Priority for Small Bowel Obstruction)
25
Hypokalemia Muscular Symptoms
Decreased Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTR), Muscle Cramping, Flaccid Paralysis (Paralyzed Limbs)
26
Hyperkalemia Cardiac Symptoms
ST Elevation, Peaked T-Waves, Wide QRS, Severe = V-fib or Cardiac Standstill, Hypotension, Bradycardia
27
Hyperkalemia GI Symptoms
Diarrhea, Hypoactive Bowel Sounds
28
Hyperkalemia Neuromuscular Symptoms
Paralysis in Extremities, Increased Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTR), Profound Muscle Weakness (General Feeling of Heaviness)
29
Hypo/Hyper-Kalemia affects what systems?
Cardiac, Gastrointestinal, Muscular/Neuromuscular
30
Sodium Functions
Maintenance of Blood Pressure, Blood Volume, and pH balance
31
Hypernatremia think
Big and Bloated
32
Hypernatremia Signs and Symptoms
Flush "Red and Rosy", Edema "Waterbed Skin", Low Grade Fever, Polydipsia (Excessive Thirst)
33
Hypernatremia Late Signs and Symptoms
Swollen Dry Skin, Increased Muscle Tone, Nausea, Vomiting
34
Hyponatremia think
Depressed and Deflated
35
Hyponatremia Signs and Symptoms
* Neurological: Seizures, Coma
* Cardiac: Tachycardia, Weak/Thready Pulse
* Respiratory: Arrest
36
Hypo/Hyper-Natremia Common Signs and Symptoms
* Neurological: Restlessness, Fatigue
| * GI: Abdominal Cramping
37
Function of Magnesium
* Law and Order in the Muscles
* Required for Calcium and Vitamin D Absorption
* Calm and Quite vs Buck Wild
38
Hypermagnesemia think
Calm and Quiet
39
Hypermagnesemia Cardiac
Heart Block
Prolonged PR Intervals
Bradycardia
Hypotension
40
Hypermagnesemia Muscular
DTR Decreased (Hyporeflexia)
41
Hypermagnesemia Respiratory
Depressed and Shallow Respirations
42
Hypermagnesemia Gastrointestinal
Hypoactive Bowel Sounds
43
Hypomagnesemia think
Buck Wild
44
Hypomagnesemia Cardiac Signs and Symptoms
ST Depression, T-Wave Inversion, Torsades De Pointes (Tornado in the Heart), Tachycardia
45
Hyper/Hypo-Magnesemia Common Symptoms
Confused, Irritable, Shallow Respirations
46
Hypomagnesemia Non-Cardiac Signs and Symptoms
Hyperreflexia (Increased DTR), Severe: V-fib, Abnormal Eye Movement (Nystagmus), Diarrhea
47
Chloride think
Mimics Sodium
48
Hyperchloremia Signs and Symptoms
Nausea, Vomiting, Swollen Beefy Tongue
49
Hypochloremia
Excessive Diarrhea, Vomiting, Sweating
| Fever (Key Difference)
50
Phosphate/Phosphorous think
Opposite of Calcium
51
Hyperphosphatemia Signs and Symptoms
Low Calcium
Trousseau's and/or Chvostek's Sign
Weak Bones, Blood, and Beats
52
Hypophosphatemia Signs and Symptoms
```
Swollen and slow with moans, groans, and stones
Constipation
Decreased DTR
Decreased Heart Rate
Decreased Respiratory Rate
Increased Blood Pressure
Severe Muscle Weakness
```
53
Potassium Common Signs and Symptoms
Confusion
Weakness
Respiratory Failure
54
Function of Calcium
Keep Bones, Blood, and Beats Strong
55
Hypercalcemia think
Swollen and Slow with Moans, Groans, and Stones
56
Hypercalcemia Signs and Symptoms
Constipation
Bone Pain
DTR: Slow and Swollen
Renal Calculi
57
Hypocalcemia Signs and Symptoms
```
Trousseau's Signs
Chvostek's Sign
Diarrhea
Circumoral Tingling
Risk for Fractures
Risk for Bleeding
Cardiac Dysrhythmias
```
58
Decreased Hgb and/or Hct
Possible Anemia, Hemorrhage or Hemolysis
59
Elevated Hgb or Hct
Possible Chronic Hypoxia or Polycythemia Vera
| Often related to excessive production of erythropoietin in response to hypoxia as in COPD and/or living at high altitude
60
Increased Platelets
Polycythemia Vera or Malignancy
61
Decreased Platelets
Bone Marrow Suppression
Autoimmune Disease
Hypersplenism
62
Elevated Creatinine
Kidney Impairment
63
Decreased Creatinine
Decreased Muscle Mass
64
Elevated BUN
```
Liver or Kidney Disease
Dehydration
Decreased Renal Perfusion
High Protein Diet
Infection
Stress
Steroid Use
GI Bleeding
```
65
Decreased BUN
Malnutrition
Fluid Volume Excess
Severe Hepatic Damage
66
Loop Diuretics
Furosemide
67
Thiazide Diuretics
Hydrochlorothiazide
68
Potassium Sparing Diuretics
Spironolactone
| Triamterene
69
Osmotic Diuretic
Mannitol
70
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Acetazolamide
71
Bronchodilator: Beta-2 Adrenergic Stimulant
Albuterol
| Almeterol
72
Bronchodilator: Methylxanthines
Theophyline
| Aminophyline
73
Bronchodilator: Anticholenergics
Ipranotropium
| Tiotropium
74
Glucocorticoids
Fluconasone
| Prednisone
75
Mast Cell Stabilizer
Cromyln Sodium
76
Leukotriene Modifiers
Montelukast
77
Expectorant
Guaifenesin
78
Antitussives
Guaifenesin
| Codeine
79
Antihistamine
Diphenhydramine
80
Furosemide Need to Know
* Need for Potassium
* Rise Slowly
* Adverse Resctions: Muscle Cramps, Weakness, Nausea, Diarrhea
* High Protein Diet
* Take with Food or Milk r/t GI Upset
* Use Sunscreen
* Take early in the day
81
How Furosemide works?
Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride at proximal and distal tubuals and at the loop of henle
