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NUR-214: LPN to RN Transition > Unit 1: Fluid and Electrolytes > Flashcards

Unit 1: Fluid and Electrolytes Flashcards

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1
Q

Potassium

A

3.5 - 5.0

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2
Q

Sodium

A

135 - 145

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3
Q

Calcium

A

8.5 - 10.2

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4
Q

Phosphate/Phosphorous

A

2.5 - 4.5

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5
Q

Magnesium

A

1.5 - 2.5

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6
Q

Creatinine

A

Males: 0.6 - 1.2
Females: 0.5 - 1.1

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7
Q

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

A

10 - 20

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8
Q

pH

A

7.35 - 7.45

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9
Q

PCO2

A

35 - 45

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10
Q

SaO2

A

95 - 100

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11
Q

HCO3

A

22 - 26

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12
Q

Hgb (Hemoglobin)

A

Males: 14 - 18
Females: 12 - 16

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13
Q

Hct (Hematocrit)

A

Males: 42 - 52
Females: 37 - 47

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14
Q

Plt (Platelet)

A

150,000 - 400,000

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15
Q

Glucose

A

70 - 100

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16
Q

Low pH

A

Acidosis

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17
Q

High pH

A

Alkalosis

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18
Q

HCO3 predicts what imbalance

A

Metabolic

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19
Q

PCO2 predicts what?

A

Respiratory

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20
Q

Hypokalemia think

A

Low and Slow

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21
Q

Hyperkalemia think

A

Tight and Contracted

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22
Q

Hypokalemia Cardiac Symptoms

A

Flat T-Waves, ST Depression, Prominent U Wave

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23
Q

Function of Potassium

A

Maintain heart and muscle contractions

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24
Q

Hopokalemia GI Symptoms

A

Decreased Motility, Hypoactive or Absent Bowel Sounds, Constipation, Abdominal Distention, Paralytic Ileaus (Paralysed Intestine; Priority for Small Bowel Obstruction)

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25
Q

Hypokalemia Muscular Symptoms

A

Decreased Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTR), Muscle Cramping, Flaccid Paralysis (Paralyzed Limbs)

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26
Q

Hyperkalemia Cardiac Symptoms

A

ST Elevation, Peaked T-Waves, Wide QRS, Severe = V-fib or Cardiac Standstill, Hypotension, Bradycardia

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27
Q

Hyperkalemia GI Symptoms

A

Diarrhea, Hypoactive Bowel Sounds

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28
Q

Hyperkalemia Neuromuscular Symptoms

A

Paralysis in Extremities, Increased Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTR), Profound Muscle Weakness (General Feeling of Heaviness)

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29
Q

Hypo/Hyper-Kalemia affects what systems?

A

Cardiac, Gastrointestinal, Muscular/Neuromuscular

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30
Q

Sodium Functions

A

Maintenance of Blood Pressure, Blood Volume, and pH balance

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31
Q

Hypernatremia think

A

Big and Bloated

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32
Q

Hypernatremia Signs and Symptoms

A

Flush “Red and Rosy”, Edema “Waterbed Skin”, Low Grade Fever, Polydipsia (Excessive Thirst)

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33
Q

Hypernatremia Late Signs and Symptoms

A

Swollen Dry Skin, Increased Muscle Tone, Nausea, Vomiting

34
Q

Hyponatremia think

A

Depressed and Deflated

35
Q

Hyponatremia Signs and Symptoms

A
  • Neurological: Seizures, Coma
  • Cardiac: Tachycardia, Weak/Thready Pulse
  • Respiratory: Arrest
36
Q

Hypo/Hyper-Natremia Common Signs and Symptoms

A
  • Neurological: Restlessness, Fatigue

* GI: Abdominal Cramping

37
Q

Function of Magnesium

A
  • Law and Order in the Muscles
  • Required for Calcium and Vitamin D Absorption
  • Calm and Quite vs Buck Wild
38
Q

Hypermagnesemia think

A

Calm and Quiet

39
Q

Hypermagnesemia Cardiac

A

Heart Block
Prolonged PR Intervals
Bradycardia
Hypotension

40
Q

Hypermagnesemia Muscular

A

DTR Decreased (Hyporeflexia)

41
Q

Hypermagnesemia Respiratory

A

Depressed and Shallow Respirations

42
Q

Hypermagnesemia Gastrointestinal

A

Hypoactive Bowel Sounds

43
Q

Hypomagnesemia think

A

Buck Wild

44
Q

Hypomagnesemia Cardiac Signs and Symptoms

A

ST Depression, T-Wave Inversion, Torsades De Pointes (Tornado in the Heart), Tachycardia

45
Q

Hyper/Hypo-Magnesemia Common Symptoms

A

Confused, Irritable, Shallow Respirations

46
Q

Hypomagnesemia Non-Cardiac Signs and Symptoms

A

Hyperreflexia (Increased DTR), Severe: V-fib, Abnormal Eye Movement (Nystagmus), Diarrhea

47
Q

Chloride think

A

Mimics Sodium

48
Q

Hyperchloremia Signs and Symptoms

A

Nausea, Vomiting, Swollen Beefy Tongue

49
Q

Hypochloremia

A

Excessive Diarrhea, Vomiting, Sweating

Fever (Key Difference)

50
Q

Phosphate/Phosphorous think

A

Opposite of Calcium

51
Q

Hyperphosphatemia Signs and Symptoms

A

Low Calcium
Trousseau’s and/or Chvostek’s Sign
Weak Bones, Blood, and Beats

52
Q

Hypophosphatemia Signs and Symptoms

A 
Swollen and slow with moans, groans, and stones
Constipation
Decreased DTR
Decreased Heart Rate
Decreased Respiratory Rate
Increased Blood Pressure
Severe Muscle Weakness
53
Q

Potassium Common Signs and Symptoms

A

Confusion
Weakness
Respiratory Failure

54
Q

Function of Calcium

A

Keep Bones, Blood, and Beats Strong

55
Q

Hypercalcemia think

A

Swollen and Slow with Moans, Groans, and Stones

56
Q

Hypercalcemia Signs and Symptoms

A

Constipation
Bone Pain
DTR: Slow and Swollen
Renal Calculi

57
Q

Hypocalcemia Signs and Symptoms

A 
Trousseau's Signs
Chvostek's Sign
Diarrhea
Circumoral Tingling
Risk for Fractures
Risk for Bleeding
Cardiac Dysrhythmias
58
Q

Decreased Hgb and/or Hct

A

Possible Anemia, Hemorrhage or Hemolysis

59
Q

Elevated Hgb or Hct

A

Possible Chronic Hypoxia or Polycythemia Vera

Often related to excessive production of erythropoietin in response to hypoxia as in COPD and/or living at high altitude

60
Q

Increased Platelets

A

Polycythemia Vera or Malignancy

61
Q

Decreased Platelets

A

Bone Marrow Suppression
Autoimmune Disease
Hypersplenism

62
Q

Elevated Creatinine

A

Kidney Impairment

63
Q

Decreased Creatinine

A

Decreased Muscle Mass

64
Q

Elevated BUN

A 
Liver or Kidney Disease
Dehydration
Decreased Renal Perfusion
High Protein Diet
Infection
Stress
Steroid Use
GI Bleeding
65
Q

Decreased BUN

A

Malnutrition
Fluid Volume Excess
Severe Hepatic Damage

66
Q

Loop Diuretics

A

Furosemide

67
Q

Thiazide Diuretics

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

68
Q

Potassium Sparing Diuretics

A

Spironolactone

Triamterene

69
Q

Osmotic Diuretic

A

Mannitol

70
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

A

Acetazolamide

71
Q

Bronchodilator: Beta-2 Adrenergic Stimulant

A

Albuterol

Almeterol

72
Q

Bronchodilator: Methylxanthines

A

Theophyline

Aminophyline

73
Q

Bronchodilator: Anticholenergics

A

Ipranotropium

Tiotropium

74
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Fluconasone

Prednisone

75
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizer

A

Cromyln Sodium

76
Q

Leukotriene Modifiers

A

Montelukast

77
Q

Expectorant

A

Guaifenesin

78
Q

Antitussives

A

Guaifenesin

Codeine

79
Q

Antihistamine

A

Diphenhydramine

80
Q

Furosemide Need to Know

A
  • Need for Potassium
  • Rise Slowly
  • Adverse Resctions: Muscle Cramps, Weakness, Nausea, Diarrhea
  • High Protein Diet
  • Take with Food or Milk r/t GI Upset
  • Use Sunscreen
  • Take early in the day
81
Q

How Furosemide works?

A

Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride at proximal and distal tubuals and at the loop of henle

NUR-214: LPN to RN Transition (2 decks)

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