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AICE Environmental Flashcards > Unit 1 Flashcards > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the Continents

A

Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe,
North America, South America and Oceania/Australia

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2
Q

Name the Major Oceans

A

Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean and Southern Ocean

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3
Q

What does GNI stand for?

A

Gross National Income

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4
Q

What are Low Income Countries (LICs)?

A

Low Income Countries (LIC) are countries with a GNI/capita of less than $1,086.

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5
Q

What are Middle Income Countries (MICs)?

A

Medium Income Countries (MIC) are countries with a GNI/capita between $1,086 and $13,205.

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6
Q

What are High Income Countries (HICs)?

A

High Income Countries (HIC) are countries with a GNI/capita of greater than $13,205.

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7
Q

Define Sustainability

A

The ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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8
Q

Why is there a need for the sustainable management of resources?

A

Sustainable use of natural resources helps to preserve the environment and reduce pollution, protecting both human health and ecosystems. It also helps to conserve resources for future generations, ensuring that our descendants will have access to the same materials we do today.

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9
Q

Describe the water cycle

A

The water cycle is the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of Earth. Locally it is an open system, but it is a closed system globally.

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10
Q

Name the components of the water cycle

A
  • condensation
  • precipitation
  • interception
  • infiltration
  • surface run-off
  • through-flow
  • ground water flow
  • transpiration
  • evaporation
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11
Q

State the major components of the Earth’s atmosphere

A
  • nitrogen
  • oxygen
  • carbon dioxide
  • argon
  • water vapour
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12
Q

Describe the structure of the Earth’s atmosphere as divided into four primary layers

A
  • troposphere
  • stratosphere
  • mesosphere
  • thermosphere
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13
Q

State where the ozone layer is located

A

The stratosphere

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14
Q

Describe the ozone layer and outline its role in absorbing ultraviolet radiation

A

A layer of the stratosphere rich in ozone molecules, which absorb much of the incoming ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Ozone molecules absorb ultraviolet radiation (Shortwave Radiation)
Causes the air to heat up in this zone. (This is why temperature increases from -50 to -10 Celcius) Bacterial Life survives in this zone. Some Birds can fly in this altitude. These conditions make Ozone apart of the Biosphere. Ozone helps to protect by absorbing most UV radiation. Plants and Phytoplankton can’t live w/ high levels of UV radiation. Deconstruction of Plants and Phytoplankton would topple food sources.
Protects humans and animals from skin cancers, cataracts and immune system damages.

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15
Q

Outline the natural greenhouse effect that maintains the Earth’s ambient temperature

A
  • ultraviolet radiation (shortwave radiation) passes through the Earth’s atmosphere and is absorbed by the Earth’s surface
  • some energy is re-emitted back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation (longwave radiation)
  • greenhouse gases absorb some of this infrared radiation and prevent it from leaving the atmosphere
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16
Q

Define biome

A

Large-scale ecological zone characterized by its soil, climate vegetation, and wildlife.

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17
Q

Define ecosystem

A

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

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18
Q

Define population

A

A community of animals, plants, or humans among whose members interbreeding occurs.

19
Q

Define community

A

A group of interdependent organisms of different species growing or living together in a specified habitat.

20
Q

Define habitat

A

The natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.

21
Q

Define niche

A

A position or role taken by a particular kind of organism within its community.

22
Q

Define biotic

A

Relating to or resulting from living things, especially in their ecological relations.

23
Q

Define abiotic

A

Not associated with or derived from living organisms.

24
Q

State the biotic and abiotic components of an
ecosystem

A
  • biotic components:
    – producers, consumers (primary, secondary and tertiary) and decomposers
  • abiotic components:
    – temperature, humidity, water, oxygen, salinity, light, pH
25
Q

State examples of biotic interactions

A
  • competition (inter-specific and intra-specific)
  • grazing
  • predation
26
Q

Define Photosynthesis

A

The process by which plants synthesise glucose using carbon dioxide, water and energy from sunlight

27
Q

State the word and chemical equations for photosynthesis

A
  • carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
  • 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
28
Q

What does chlorophyll do?

A

Chlorophyll captures light energy for photosynthesis

29
Q

What are the limiting factors in the rate of photosynthesis?

A

The availability of water, concentration of carbon dioxide and the availability of light are limiting factors in the rate of photosynthesis

30
Q

What is the role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle?

A

Photosynthesis on land and in
the oceans is a vital part of the carbon cycle and has an important effect on carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere by forming carbon stores

31
Q

Define Producer

A

Organisms that photosynthesize their own food.

32
Q

Define primary consumer

A

Herbivores that primarily eat primary producers

33
Q

Define secondary consumer

A

Omnivores that feed on the first two trophic levels

34
Q

Define tertiary consumer

A

Carnivores that consume secondary and primary consumers

35
Q

Define decomposer

A

Organisms that breaks down organic material. “Recyclers.” They consume dead organic matter, convert into nutrients, then released back into the soil for plant growth.

36
Q

Define trophic levels

A

feeding levels within
food chains

37
Q

Is energy transferred in a food chain?

A

energy is transferred between
organisms in a food chain, starting with a
producer

38
Q

What are the reasons that energy is lost in food chains?

A

They are lost by respiration and waste products

39
Q

define aerobic respiration

A

the chemical reactions in cells that break down glucose molecules and release energy, carbon dioxide and water

40
Q

state the word and chemical equation for aerobic respiration

A
  • glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
  • C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
41
Q

What are the stages of the carbon cycle?

A
  • photosynthesis
  • respiration
  • feeding
  • decomposition
  • fossilisation
  • combustion
42
Q

Define reliable

A

The reliability of a method of measurement refers to how consistently it measures.

43
Q

Bias

A

A prejudiced representation or a systematic error.

AICE Environmental Flashcards (1 decks)

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