Unit 1 flashcards
Input
Information that is entered into a computer. Ex. pressing keys on a keyboard, clicking a mouse to select something.
Output
Information that is processed and sent out from a computer. Ex. the screen displaying something or playing audios.
Storage
Data that you put into a computer that is stored and saved.
Processing
The “If/then” process. The part of the information processing cycle that processes the information you give it in ways such as searching, counting, and comparing data.
CPU
Central Processing unit - “the brain”. executes all commands for the computer. If not on, nothing will work. measured by speed in Hertz (MHz, GHz)
GPU
Graphics processing unit - accelerates graphics rendering. Does all the heavy lifting for a computer.
Hard drive
“Long term memory” - The storage for all software’s (files, apps, programs, operating system.) Measured by Bytes.
RAM
Random Access Memory - Temporary space for the CPU to work. Measured in Bytes
Motherboard
“Nervous System” - The main circuit of a computer. All parts of a computer connect to it. It allows communication between other parts of the computer.
Hardware
“hard” physical mechanical parts required for a computer to run what makes your computer powerful.
Software
Instructions that allow hardware to perform different tasks “soft” - can be changed. makes the computer flexible.
Bit
Capacitors on the motherboard that store energy. (electrical charge) either full (on) or empty off (off)
On=1 Off=0
Byte
8 bits = 1 byte. A group of binary digits operating as a unit.
How to convert decimal to binary
Using the perfect squares. You divide the decimal number you’re using by two repeatedly until you get to 0.
How to convert binary to decimal
Using perfect squares. We multiply each digit of the binary number with its base (2), raised to the power based on its position in the binary number.
Over flow vs rounding error
Overflow error : When the data type used is too small to hold the data, so it overflowed.
Rounding error : A computer inability to represent some numbers exactly.
ASCII table
The blueprint all computers use to represent different text.
Abstraction
Pulling away unecessary information/details
Pixel
The basic unit of programmable color on a computer display or in a computer image
Sampling frequency
The number of samples per second taken from a continuous signal to make a digital signal.
Analog image
Image represented by continuous variation in tone, such as a photograph.
Digital image
representation of a real image as a set of numbers that can be stored and handled by a digital computer.
RLE
Run length encoding. Lossless data compression in which runs of data are stored as a single data value and count, rather than as the original run.
Lossless compression
Compression that allows images to be restored to their original image after compression.
Lossy compression
Compression that doesn’t allow images to be restored to their original image after compression. Better when compressing non formal things.
intellectual property
Original creations that humans make/come up with.
copyright
The exclusive legal right given to the originater of a creation.
creative commons
An internationally active non-profit organisation that provides free licences for creators to use when making their work available to the public.
