Unit 1; First two chapters Flashcards
Western Civilization
refers to the art, literature, culture, and enduring ideas that emerged from the eastern Mediterranean basin in the centuries before the common era, that developed in myriad forms through the Middle Ages, and that ultimately took modern shape after the Renaissance.
Artifacts
human-made objects, such as tools and jewelry
Culture
Different group of people’s unique way of life
Hominids
Humans and other creatures that walk and stand up straight
Paleolithic Age
The earlier and longer part of the stone age, or also know as the “Old Stone Age.’’ It lasted from about 2.5 million to 8000 B.C.
Neolithic Age
The New Stone Age that began in 8000 B.C. and ended as early as 3000 B.C. in some areas
technology
the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry. Homo erectus people used their intelligence to make inventions to help them with their needs to survive
Homo Sapiens
The species name for modern day humans
Nomads
highly mobile people who moved from one place to another searching, hunting, and foraging for new sources of food and supplies
Hunter-gatherers
nomadic groups whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collection different types of plants
Neolithic Revolution
The critical transition that resulted in the birth of agriculture
Slash-and-burn farming
Early groups of people cut trees or grasses and burned them to a clear field. The ashes that remained fertilized the soil that was used for the crops
Domestication
The act of taming animals to use for work
Civilization
a complex culture with 5 characteristics:
- advanced cities
- specialized workers
- complex institutions
- record keeping
- advanced technology
Specialization
the development of skills in a specific kind of work
artisans
skilled workers who made specific goods by hand
Institution
a long-lasting pattern of organization in a community
Scribe
a professional record keeper
Cuneiform
the system of writing made by scribes; it means “wedge-shaped.’’
Bronze Age
The time period that refers when they use of bronze was first invented for weapons and other material things
Barter
the act of trading goods and services without using a form money currency
Ziggurat
The pyramid shaped temple that was used to worship the gods, and it means “mountain or gods.”
Fertile Crescent
The regions curved shape and its richness of land was called this.
Mesopotamia
is world’s recorded oldest civilization
city-state
a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.
dynasty
a line of hereditary rulers of a country.
cultural diffusion
the spreading out and merging of pieces from different cultures.
polytheism
the spreading out and merging of pieces from different cultures.
empire
an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress.
Hammurabi
sixth king of the First Babylonian dynasty of the Amorite tribe, reigning from c. 1792 BC to c. 1750 BC.
delta
to the north, near the sea, lower Egypt, Nile region, 100 miles before it reaches the Mediterranean
Narmer
United the lower and upper kingdoms of Egypt, and was the first ruler of the first dynasty
Pharaohs
The Egyptian believed they were gods of the mortal world, and pyramids were built for their resting place, believing that they would live there in the after life after they died.
Theocracy
Type of government in which rule is based on religious authority
Pyramid
A structure built for a pharaoh for them to live in the after life; where they are worshipped as “gods’’ after they die.
mummification
Mummification is the process of preserving the body after death by deliberately drying or embalming flesh. This typically involved removing moisture from a deceased body and using chemicals or natural preservatives, such as resin, to desiccate the flesh and organs.
hieroglyphic
The Egyptian form of writing; it is mostly types of symbols and shapes
papyrus
A starch like plant that was used as one of the first forms of paper
