Unit 1: Federalism

Question 1

Fiscal Federalism vs. Federalism

Answer 1

pattern of taxing, spending, and providing fed. grants to state/local gov’ts
system of gov’t in which Constitution divides power b/w a central gov’t and state gov’ts

Question 2

Exclusive Power ( 3 Examples)
Concurrent Power (3 Examples)

Answer 2

Powers exercised by nat. gov’t alone
ex) trade, declare war, creating money
Powers shared b/w nat./state gov’t that aren’t specifically granted to nat. gov’t nor denied to states
ex) passing a law, collecting taxes, and establishing courts.

Question 3

Supremacy Clause vs. Necessary & Proper Clause aka?

Answer 3

article VI of Constitution that makes Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws as long as it’s constitutional
Congress can make laws which are necessary and proper to carry out duties (aka implied powers)

Question 4

Categorical Grant aka? (positives, negatives, examples)

Block Grant (positives, negatives)

Answer 4

grants with specific requirements (money with strings attached).
funds certain programs / “little wiggle room”
gift card, school education

money offered to state by fed. gov’t w/o restrictions
states have ability to spend money on what they deem important
some programs will suffer due to lack of funds
cash

Question 5

Mandate (examples)
issued by?
must be? (2)

Answer 5

states must comply with a federal directive (funding as a reward)
all 3 branches of government
for the general welfare of the public + related to federal interest
National Drinking Age

Question 6

What was the reasoning behind the Founders’ decision to choose federalism? What is its appeal?

Answer 6

split powers allowed for fair ruling and no tyranny and abuse of power

Question 7

What are the differences between exclusive and concurrent powers?

Answer 7

things only federal government can do
things both federal and state governments can do

Question 8

What are the differences between categorical grants and block grants? Which grant would states prefer to have?

Answer 8

federal financial aid given to states that can only be used for specific things
federal financial that’s given for free for any use decided by the states
states prefer block grants bc it gives them more freedom

Question 9

McCulloch v. Maryland
Constitutional question:
Verdict:
Verdict:
Impact:

Answer 9

constitutional for fed. gov’t to make a bank?
yes, Necessary and Proper Clause, implied a bank is necessary to collect tax
Can states tax federal bank?
no, due to supremacy clause, federal law outweighs state law
more power to fed. gov’t

Question 10

US v. Lopez
Constitutional question:
Verdict:
Impact:

Answer 10

Can fed. gov’t create laws abt firearm regulation bc of commerce clause?

no. Gun control doesn’t impact Trade therefore fed. gov’t shouln’t have a say

more power to states

Question 11

Federalist 10
claim perspective evidence reasoning

Answer 11

need strong gov’t to control people and limit tyranny
federalists
extend sphere / no factions
use extensive strong leadership

Question 12

Brutus I
claim perspective evidence reasoning

Answer 12

need smaller state gov’t to best rep people
anti-feds
different ideas in states / remove dictators
states know the people

Question 13

Articles of Confederation
claim perspective evidence reasoning

Answer 13

aoc gave power to states and showed importance of strong fed. gov’t
feds
no power to tax / weak military
w/o strong fed gov’t couldn’t control people