Unit 1(Experimental Design) Flashcards
What is the experimental process order?
Question > Research > Hypothesis > Experiment > Conclusion > Result
Accuracy?
How close a value is to the true value
Precise
How close a value is to another value
Resolution
Smallest divosions on an instrument
Calibration
Checking if the instrument has accurate values
Repeatable
Experiment can be repeated using the same method
Reproducible
Experiment result in similar products
Control variable
A variable that is kept the same
Independent variable
A variable that is altered
Dependent variable
A variable that is measured
Independent and Dependent variable axis
Independent(Horizontal) Dependent(Vertical)
Random errors
Unpredictable variations caused by thongs such as human error
Systematic errors
Consistent error caused by malfunctioning piece of equipment
Zero error
Type of systematic error where reading doesnt reset to 0
Anomaly
Something that is unusual and deviates from the normal. [One value is much higher or lower than the rest]
Filtration
Separate insoluble solid from a liquid
Liquid that passes is called a filtrate
Solid that didnt pass is called a residue
Crystallisation
Remove soluble solids from liquids[water and ionic compounds]
Get the solids from evaporating liquids
When the solution is super saturated it will begin to crystallise
Simple distillation
Separate liquid from a soluble solid
Similar to crystallisation but you get the liquid
The water vapour will go through the condenser and condense
Pure water that is collected is called distillate
Anti bumping granules
Small granules that ensure smooth boiling
Fractional distillation
Used to separate two miscible liquid
The liquid withh the lowest boiling point is evaporated and collected first
Can be used to separate petroleum
Fractional collumn
Temperature low at the bottom
Temperature high at the top
If the heater is set to 100 the water evaporates but the top of the fractional column is less than 100 so its condensed back into water
Pure substance
A substance that contains only one chemical element or compound. Its melting temperature is definite
Mixture
Two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined
