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BIOL 240 > Unit 1 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 1 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Body planes

A

Coronal- front and back
Transverse- top and bottom
Sagittal- left and right

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2
Q

Axial vs appendicular skeleton

A

Axial- head, neck, and trunk

Appendicular- all other

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3
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

Skin

- secretes oil

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4
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Lining of movable joints

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5
Q

Mucous membrane

A

Secretes mucus and lubricant

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6
Q

Serous membrane

A

Lines the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

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7
Q

Two types of serous membranes

A

Visceral- around the organ

Parietal- lining the wall

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8
Q

Projections

A

Sites of muscle and ligament attachments

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9
Q

Tuberosity

A

Large rounded projection

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10
Q

Crest

A

Narrow ridge of bone, prominent

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11
Q

Trochanter

A

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process

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12
Q

Line

A

Narrow ridge of bone, not as prominent

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13
Q

Tubercle

A

Small rounded projection or process

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14
Q

Epicondyle

A

Raised area on or above a condyle

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15
Q

Spine

A

Sharp slender, often pointed projection

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16
Q

Process

A

Any bony prominence

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17
Q

Articulations

A

Surfaces that form joints

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18
Q

Head

A

Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

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19
Q

Facet

A

Smooth, nearly flat articulate surface

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20
Q

Condyle

A

Rounded articulate projection, often articulates with a corresponding fossa

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21
Q

Depressions and openings

A

Cavities or dips

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22
Q

Foramen

A

Round or oval opening through a bone

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23
Q

Groove

A

Furrow

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24
Q

Fissure

A

Narrow, slit like opening

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25
Q

Notch

A

Indentation at the edge of a structure

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26
Q

Fossa

A

Shallow depression in the bone

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27
Q

Meatus

A

Canal-like passageway

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28
Q

Sinus

A

Cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucus membrane

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29
Q

Cranial cavity

A

brain, vertebral cavity

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30
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

lungs, heart, intestines, and kidneys

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31
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

mediastinum, pleural cavity, pericardial cavity

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32
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

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33
Q

other components of water

A

electrolytes, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids

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34
Q

passive transport

A

no energy

high to low concentrations

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35
Q

Active transport

A

low to high concentration

uses energy

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36
Q

Osmosis

A

diffusion of water from high to low concentration

37
Q

diffusion

A

moving molecules across the membrane

38
Q

exocytosis

A

large molecules are secreted from the cell

cell grows larger, vesicle membrane becomes part of plasma membrane

39
Q

endocytosis

A

decreases the cell size because some of the membrane becomes the vesicle membrane

40
Q

rough ER

A

synthesizes proteins for secretion

41
Q

smooth ER

A

site of steroid, fatty acid, and phospholipid synthesis

42
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

packages enzymes for lysosomes

43
Q

lysosomes

A

destroys cell waste

44
Q

mitochondria

A

creates the energy for the cell

45
Q

peroxisomes

A

formed in the ER, and detoxify harmful substances

46
Q

Cytoskeleton

A 
structural support of cell
cytosol streaming
cell motility
movement of organelles 
movement of chromosomes
47
Q

Mitosis

A

parent cell—> 2 daughter cells

48
Q

Meiosis

A

parent cell—> 4 sex daughter cells

49
Q

histology

A

study of tissues and relationships within the organs

50
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in cell size

51
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in cell size

52
Q

hyperplasia

A

increase in the number of cells

53
Q

metaplasia

A

change in form or cell type

54
Q

4 basic types of tissue

A

nervous
epithelial
muscle
connective

55
Q

types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal
smooth
cardiac

56
Q

skeletal muscle

A

striated with peripheral multi nuclei

57
Q

smooth muscle

A

non-striated with single central nuclei

found in visceral organs, blood vessel walls

58
Q

cardiac muscle

A

striated with single central nuclei. intercalated discs-dark lines

59
Q 
Epithelial tissue
classification
# of cells
A

simple
stratified
pseudostratified

60
Q

Epithelial tissue
classification
cell shape

A

squamous
cuboidal
columnar
transitional

61
Q

simple squamous

A

one layer, flat scale like

diffusion and filtration

62
Q

simple cuboidal

A

one layer cube like

secretion and absorption

63
Q

simple columnar

A

one layer columns

secretion and absorption

64
Q

stratified squamous

A

many layers, flat scale like

protection

65
Q

stratified cuboidal

A

many layers, cubes

protection, rare in humans

66
Q

stratified columnar

A

many layers, columns

protection and rare in humans

67
Q

pseudostratified

A

looks stratified but not

68
Q

transitional

A

tissue that can change the shape temporarily

protection, stretching

69
Q

glands

A

epithelial cells that make and secrete a product form glands

70
Q

glands classification

A

unicellular

Multicellular

71
Q

exocrine gland

A

secretes- sweat and saliva
transported by ducts
located close to target cells

72
Q

Endocrine gland

A

secretes hormones
transports directly into bloodstream
do not need to be close to target cells
in vascularized areas

73
Q

merocrine gland

A

exocrine gland

- delivers by exocytosis

74
Q

holocrine gland

A

exocrine gland

- after secreting material it disintegrates and becomes the material

75
Q

apocrine gland

A

exocrine gland

- the tip of the cell pinches off and becomes the secretion

76
Q

tubular secretory structure

A

the ducts is shaped in an elongated tube shape

77
Q

alveolar secretory structure

A

the duct is rounded in shape

78
Q

simple duct structure

A

the duct doesn’t branch off

79
Q

compound duct structure

A

the duct branches off into multiple compartments

80
Q

types of connective tissue

A 
adipose
cartilage
bone
blood
loose connective 
fibrous connective
81
Q

connective tissue function

A 
protection
support
storage
binding
transport
immune
82
Q

what does connective tissue consist of?

A

specialized cells
protein fibers
ground substance

83
Q

characteristics of connective tissue

A

highly vascular, well nourished, regenerative, large matrix

84
Q

common origin connective tissue

A

mesenchyme

85
Q

types of connective tissue

A

connective tissue proper
supporting connective tissue
fluid connective tissue

86
Q

cells of connective tissue proper

A 
resident cells: support, maintain, repair
- fibroblast
- adipocytes
- fixed macrophages
- mesenchymal
Wandering Cells: immune prot/repair
- leukocytes
87
Q

fibers of connective tissue proper

A

collagen: abundant, flexible but strong
Elastic: stretch, thinner than collagen
Reticular: form a net

88
Q

loose connective tissue

A

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

BIOL 240 (1 decks)

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