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Pediatrics Fall 2024 > Unit 1 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 1 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

forward protective reaction happens when

A

5 months

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2
Q

Downward ( parachute) protective reaction occurs when

A

6 months

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3
Q

Sideways protective reaction occurs when?

A

7 months

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4
Q

Backward protective reaction occurs when?

A

9 months

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5
Q

Protective stagger occurs when?

A

15-18 months

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6
Q

Dorsiflexion reaction occurs when?

A

15-18 months

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7
Q

Block: Neck Hyperextension and Head/neck Asymmetry: Typical

A

Typically head and neck hyperextension is being balanced by proximal flexion in the 3rd and 4th month, with midline orientation emerging in all positions
- Active chin tuck serves to elongate the cervical paraspinals

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8
Q

Block: Neck Hyperextension and Head/neck Asymmetry: Atypical

A
  • balanced proximal flexion
  • midline orientation
  • chin tuck
    -prone on elbows
  • extensors/flexors balance
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9
Q

Block: Neck Hyperextension and Head/neck Asymmetry: Compensations

A
  • shoulder elevation to stabilize
  • exaggerate
    -ATNR used functionally
  • Unilateral use of extremities/body
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10
Q

Block: Neck Hyperextension and Head/neck Asymmetry: Consequences

A
  • slip through axilla
  • exaggerated neck hyperextension
  • Interferes with development of head control, righting reactions, visual
  • Posture: scoliosis, hip subluxation, wind- swept deformity
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11
Q

Block: Neck Hyperextension and Head/neck Asymmetry: Interventions

A
  • rotation into trunk to soften
  • Core strengthening
  • Head control
  • Increase tolerance
  • Increase extension; rotator muscles, work factors
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12
Q

Shoulder/Scapular Block: Atypical

A
  • poor scapular-humeral rhythm
  • poor disassociation
  • shoulder elevation
  • weight stays on chest
  • Shoulder Glued to scapula
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13
Q

Shoulder/Scapular Block: Compensations

A
  • High muscle tone
  • prolonged primitive extension
  • shoulder girdle instability
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14
Q

Shoulder/Scapular Block: Consequences

A
  • limited functional use of upper extremities
  • Hard to transition to quadruped to creeping
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15
Q

Shoulder/Scapular Block: Intervention

A

Unglue shoulder from scapula
- focus on reaching exercises and strengthening

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16
Q

Anterior Pelvic Tilt Block : Atypical

A
  • decreased abdominal development/activation
  • No posterior tilt or lumbar extensor elongation
  • no antigravity hip flexion/adduction
  • lateral weight shift blocked, normal righting reactions decreased
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17
Q

Anterior Pelvic Tilt Block : Compensations

A
  • frog leg
  • wide base of support in all positions
  • tummy touching ground
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18
Q

Anterior Pelvic Tilt Block : Consequences

A
  • lack of weight shift
  • limited balance learning
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19
Q

Anterior Pelvic Tilt Block : Intervention

A
  • Get out of sitting
  • core activation, shoulder girdle, LE
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20
Q

Posterior Pelvic Tilt Block: Atypical

A
  • Unbalanced extension
  • Active flexion does not develop
  • No dissociated flexion/extension
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21
Q

Posterior Pelvic Tilt Block : Consequences and compensations

A

Sitting
- tight hamstrings prevent full hip flexion/knee extension
- posterior pelvic tilt
- rounded lumbar spine–> rounded thoracic spine
- sacral sit
- increased knee flexion
- W-sitting
- Bunny Hopping
- difficulty with independent standing
- Narrow adducted base of support

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22
Q

Posterior Pelvic Tilt Block : Intervention

A
  • sit upright
  • strengthen
  • joint rotation
  • dissociation
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23
Q

What is the Scarf Sign?

A

Tone
- The tone of the shoulder girdle is assessed by taking the baby’s hand and pulling the hand to the opposite shoulder like a scarf

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24
Q

Atypical development 1-3 Months

A
  • tight fisting
  • cramped
  • synchronous movements
  • visual tracking not emerging

-Opisthotonus is a condition that causes a person’s body to arch backward into an abnormal position, with the head thrown back and the neck and spine hyperextended.

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25
Q

Atypical Development 4-6 months

A
  • no head control
  • no tummy tolerance
  • cortical thumb
  • fisting
  • no grasp
  • no smiling or cooing
  • arches in sitting
  • obligatory reflexes
  • asymmetrical reflexes
  • handedness
  • slipping through axilla
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26
Q

Atypical Development 7-9 months

A
  • lack bright affect
  • enjoys supine position
  • presence of any reflexes
  • no mobility
  • poor sitting quality
  • no protective reactions
  • no parachute
  • no babbling
  • does not turn to name being called
  • no interest in social game
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27
Q

Atypical Development 10-12 months

A
  • any delays in 0-8 month skills
  • no words “mama” or “moo”
  • not pointing
  • not trying to get attention
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28
Q

Atypical Development 14 months

A
  • no interest in other children
  • no imitating
  • no pointing
  • not using push toys
  • no spontaneous meaningful 2 word phrases
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29
Q

Rooting and Sucking Reflex

A

Onset= 28 weeks gestation

Inhibited= rooting: 3 months/ Sucking = 0-6 months

Characteristics=
- rooting; head turns toward stroked cheek
- sucking; rhythmic sucking

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30
Q

Moro Reflex

A

Characteristic= 1st head moves post to trunk–> then abduction, extension of limbs then adduction, flexion of limbs

Onset= 28 weeks gestation
Inhibited= 5-6 months

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30
Q

Plantar grasp reflex

A

Onset= 28 weeks gestation
Inhibited= 0-9 months

Characteristic= flexion after stimulus to feet

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31
Q

Palmar Grasp Reflex

A

Onset= 10 weeks gestation
Inhibited= 0-4 months

Characteristic= flexion after stimulus to the hand

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32
Q

Spontaneous Stepping Reflex

A

Onset= 37 weeks gestation
Inhibited= 2 months
Characteristic= reciprocal steps when feet contact surface

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33
Q

Asymmetrical Tonic Neck (ATNR)

A

Onset= birth- 2months
Inhibited= 0-5 months

Characteristic= flexion on the skull side and extension on the face side (fencing position)

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34
Q

Symmetrical Tonic Neck

A

Onset= 4-6 months
Inhibited= 8-12 months

Characteristic:
- Neck Flexion= UE neck flexion and LE extension
- Neck Extension= UE extension and LE flexion

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35
Q

Tonic Labyrinthine

A

Onset= birth
Inhibited= 0-6 months

Characteristic:
- Prone= flexion tone
- Supine= extension tone

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36
Q

Neck On body Righting Reaction

A

Onset= 34 weeks gestation
Inhibited= 4-6 months
Characteristic= body rotates in line with head

Function = transitions rolling

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37
Q

Body on Head Righting Reaction

A

Onset= birth-2 months
Inhibited= persists through life
Characteristic= Upright head with body movement

Function= Visual orientation and balance

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38
Q

Body on Body Righting Reaction

A

Onset= 34 weeks gestation
Inhibited= 4-5 months

Characteristics= Body follows limbs

Function= Learning to roll

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39
Q

Landau Reaction

A

Onset= 3-4 months
Inhibited= 12-24 months

Characteristics= Head, trunk, hip extension when prone in air

Function= initiate extension tone

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40
Q

Head Neck Reaction

A

Onset= birth-2 months
Inhibited= persistent throughout life

Characteristic= head vertical when body is lifted

Function= balance reaction, visual orientation

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41
Q

Prone Equilibrium

A

Onset= 6 months
Inhibited= persistent through life

Characteristic= Body tilt, concave side upward abduct up UE and LE, adduction low UE + LE

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42
Q

Supine Equilibrium

A

Onset= 7-8 months
Inhibited= Persists through life

Characteristic= Body tilt concave side upward/head rotates to ipsilateral side

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43
Q

Standing Equilibrium

A

Onset= 12-21 months
Inhibited= persists through life

Characteristic= Body tilt to concave side upward/ UE flex, LE extension, UE abductions

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44
Q

Placenta Abruption

A

Placenta separates or pulls away from uterine wall

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45
Q

Placenta Previa

A

Placenta Shifts and drops to opening of the cervix

46
Q

CP 1st trimester

A

Brain pathology is more likely etiology

47
Q

CP 2nd trimester

A

Causes are more likely hypoxic-ischemic events or infections- this is where cord strangulations occur

48
Q

CP 3rd trimester

A

Placenta previa/abruption or positional–> HIE from labor ( baby not getting O2)

49
Q

Test & Measures : GMFM

A
  • for 5 months - 16 yr
  • Evaluates change in gross motor function in kids with CP
50
Q

Test & Measures : PEDI

A
  • for 12 months - 21 years
  • Focus on function and need for caregiver assistance

1- self care
2- mobility
3- social function

51
Q

Test & Measures : GMA

A
  • for term - 20 week post term
  • predictive of CP
  • just observational skills

Motor:
1- general/voluntary movement
2- fidgety movement
3- cramped synchronous movement

52
Q

Test & Measures : TIMP

A
  • for <4 months
  • Motor outcome measure
  • function performance in daily life
  • Identify CP early on
53
Q

Test & Measures : PDMS

A
  • For 0-6/7 yr
  • estimates motor competence compared to normative sample
  • Assist planning education programming
54
Q

Test & Measures : AIMS

A
  • for 0-18 months
  • Gross motor delay
  • Don’t have to touch baby (parent can)
55
Q

Test & Measures : HINE

A
  • for 2 months - 2 years
  • assess 34 items
  • neurological exam
56
Q

Test & Measures : Modified Ashworth

A

0=no increase in tone

1= slight increase in tone manifested by a catch and release or by minimal resistance at the end of ROM

1+= Light increase in tone manifested by a catch and release or by minimal resistance at less than half ROM

2= More marked increase in muscle tone through most of the ROM

3= Considerable increase in muscle tone passive movement difficult

4= affected parts in rigid flexion or extension

57
Q

What is spasticity?

A

Motor disorder characterized by a velocity dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes (muscle tone) with exaggerated DTR resulting from hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex and lack of descending inhibition

58
Q

Hypotonicity

A

Low muscle tone creating
- creating too much movement

59
Q

Central Hypotonia

A

Alpha gamma coactivation: fusimotor/gamma system is disordered because the descending pathways are damaged

  • Fusimotor/gamma= descending pathway gamma motor m.n. innervates the muscle spindle that sets the tension of the muscle
  • Alpha= muscle contracts/shortens activating gamma to set the tension
60
Q

Hypertonicity

A

Increase in muscle tone creating too little movement (stiffness)

61
Q

Periventricular Leukomalacia
(PVL)

A
  • Death or damage and softening of the white matter, the inner part of the brain that transmits information b/w the nerve cells and the Spinal cord as well as from one part of the brain to another
  • Grade 1= Increased periventricular echogenicity (IPE) is persisting more than 7 days
  • grade 2= IPE develops into periventricular cysts
  • Grade 3= IPE developing into extensive periventricular cysts, occipital and fronto-parietal (looks like swiss cheese)
  • Grade 4= in deep white matter developing into extensive subcortical cysts
62
Q

Intra-ventricular Hemorrhage (IVH)

A
  • Based off of radiological findings
  • Grade1 = Hemorrhage limited to the geminal matrix area: may be unilateral or bilateral
  • Grade 2= blood noted within the ventricular system but not distending it: with blood in 10-50% of the ventricle
  • Grade 3= Blood in ventricles with distension or dilation of ventricles: blood in more than 50% of the ventricles
  • Grade 4= Periventricular hemorrhagic infarction, cystic periventricular luekomalacia: Intraventricular hemorrhage with parenchymal extension
63
Q

Hypoxic- Ischemic Encephalopathy ( HIE)

A
  • Results of perinatal asphyxia and due to ischemia and hypoxemia/anoxia
  • Preterm and full term babies
  • Risk Factors: placenta problems, prolapsed umbilical cord , decreased maternal oxygenation, reduced maternal blood flow to the placenta
64
Q

Infant Stroke

A
  • Specific areas of neuronal death caused by infarction of specific cerebral arteries
  • middle cerebral artery most frequent
  • typically unilateral–> spastic hemiplegic CP
65
Q

Classification by Brain Region: Pyramidal

A
  • spastic type (75-88%) –> corticospinal tracts
  • lesions to the motor cortex or white matter
  • often includes symptoms of “ central” hypotonia
  • corticospinal tract = excitatory
    –> lateral tract= crosses- extremities
    –> Medial/Ant= ipsilateral- axial/trunk
66
Q

Classification by Brain Region: Extrapyramidal

A
  • Dyskinetic (15%)
  • lesions to the basal ganglia= athetosis
  • Lesions to the cerebellum= ataxic (4%)
  • Often includes symptoms of central hypotonia
  • vestibulospinal tract= excitatory, posture, balance, antigravity UE/LE flexion
  • reticulospinal tract= excitatory, Lateral = hypotonicity/ Medial= hypertonicity, spasticity
  • Rubrospinal tract= excitatory to flexors/inhibitory extensors, postural tone and FM skills
  • tectospinal tract= visual stimulation
67
Q

Spastic Diplegia

A
  • Most severe
  • Lack of inhibition of descending corticospinal tract
  • Can walk 2-3 years, has femoral anteversion, knee valgus, tibial torsion, WBOS
  • Spastic adductors, posterior pelvic tilt

Causes:
- Prematurity
- Ischemia
- Aspiration
- Infection
- Endocrine/metabolic

68
Q

Spastic Hemiplegic

A
  • 1/2 body affected
  • damage to one side of the brain causing motor disability on the opposite side
  • Decrease strength and increase in tone
  • Cortical thumb

Causes
- Thrombophilic disorders
- Infection
- genetic/developmental
- periventricular hemorrhagic infarction

Neuropathology:
- stroke in utero or neonatal
- localized HIE/IVH

69
Q

Extrapyramidal ( athetoid, Ataxic, dyskinetic

A
  • Athetoid: Unwanted movements, withering movements, and difficulty with initiation and cessation of movement
  • dysarthria
  • Always quadriplegic
  • Ataxic= cerebellum- lack of coordination, jittery movement pattern, nystagmus
    Causes:
  • Asphyxia
  • Kernicterus
  • Mitochondrial
  • genetic/metabolic

Neuropathology:
-basal ganglia
- putamen
- globus pallidus
- thalamus

70
Q

GMFCS Level 1

A
  • Typical looking, some issues on sand or ground
  • Children walk indoors and outdoors and climb stairs without limitation
  • Children perform gross motor skills but speed, balance, and coordination are impaired
71
Q

GMFCS Level 2

A
  • need to use handrail on stairs, SLS
  • Children walk indoors, outdoors, and climb stairs holding onto a railing but experience limitations walking on uneven surfaces and inclines and walking n crowds or confined spaces
72
Q

GMFCS Level 3

A
  • Can ambulate short distances, need wheeled mobility for longer distances
  • Children walk indoors and outdoors on a level surface with an assistive mobility device
  • Children may climb stairs holding on railing
  • children may propel a wheelchair manual or are transported when traveling for long distances or outdoors on uneven terrain
73
Q

GMFCS Level 4

A
  • Have head control, exercise ambulation in classroom
  • Children may continue to walk for short distances on a walker or rely more on wheeled mobility at home/school/community
74
Q

GMFCS Level 5

A
  • No head control can’t use self propel device
  • Physical impairment restricts voluntary control of movement and the ability to maintain antigravity head and trunk postures
  • All areas of motor function are limited
  • Children have no means of independent mobility and are transported
75
Q

Stahell Test

A

Hip Flexor Length

76
Q

Duncan Ely Test

A
  • Rectus Femoris length
    (+) if hip rises
77
Q

Popliteal Angle Test

A
  • hamstring
  • > 40 = surgery
  • measures hamstring spasticity
78
Q

Silferskiold Test

A
  • Gastro vs. soleus
  • (+) ankle PF
    (+) ankle dorsiflexion
79
Q

Craigs Test

A

Femoral Anteversion

80
Q

Tight foot Angle

A

● Tibial torsion
→Age 1: -27- +20
(means 0)
→Age 3: -15- +25
(means 7)
→Age 5: -5 to +30
(means 12)
→Age 7: 0-+30
(means 18)
→Age 9: 3 to +33
(means 20)

81
Q

Interventions: Stretching for CP

A
  • BAD
  • can only do prolonged functional stretching
82
Q

Interventions: CP Therex

A
  • Improves balance in children with CP
  • 2-3x per week for 6-10 weeks at 65% of max vol. isometric contraction
  • Plyometrics
  • active develop: strengthening ( yoga/pushing heavy objects) especially hamstrings will help with gait
  • Age appropriate play shows functional improvements 10-15 minutes of intense activity for 30-45 minutes of recreational games 2x per week
83
Q

Interventions: CP positioning

A
  • adaptive equipment
  • functional positions to avoid contractures
  • Increase muscle length over time
  • Prevents asymmetries
84
Q

Interventions: CP Serial Casting

A
  • Prevents contractures
  • Use alone or with conjunction of Botox/surgery
  • Restore ROM/muscle length
  • Helps gait become more functional
  • Worn at least 2-4 weeks
85
Q

Interventions: CP Orthotics

A
  • Solid or hinged AFO
  • PF stop: stops PF and makes hamstrings work harder
  • Supramallelolar orthotics (SMO): prevents pronation
  • Floor reaction Orthosis: excessive PF and DF
  • Anterior Shell: pushes on patellar tendon for extensor mechanism good to use with hamstring, gastroc/soleus spasticity
86
Q

Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy

A
  • GMFCS 2-3
  • 4 hour operation
  • sensory nerve fibers in spinal cord usually between bottom of the rib cage and the top of the hips are divided and then the fibers are stimulated and response of of the leg muscles are observed
  • the muscle with abnormal or excessive response are severed
87
Q

Typical Infant Vitals

A
  • > 37 weeks gestation
  • Axillary temp 98.6-99.8
  • HR 80-140 bpm
  • RR 40-60 bpm
  • 6-9 pounds
  • Physiological flexion/dorsiflexion
  • Moro, tonic neck, galant, gag, suck, swallow, plantar/palmar grasp
  • Sensory system intact (vision 8 inches)
88
Q

Premature Infant Vital

A

<37 weeks gestation
Axillary temp 98.6-99.8
HR 120-160 bpm
RR 60+ bpm
2-5 pounds
Poor physiological flexion
Infant reflexes disorganized
Sensory systems underdeveloped
Transient tachypnea of the newborn
Apnea (shallow breathing) and bradycardia (slowed HR) (A’s and B’s)= this happens because of an immature brainstem/ breathing notification system isn’t working/ largely unregulated

89
Q

How many weeks until the organ systems are formed and complete in a baby?

A

by 12 weeks

90
Q

What is the function of the placenta?

A

Protect and feed the baby

91
Q

Heart and neural tube forms during what week ?

A

4 weeks

92
Q

What are the functions of the Gyri and Sulci?

A

To increase the surface area of the brain for growth and development of neuronal connections

93
Q

What are the goals in PT for premature babies?

A

-Maintain steady vitals with positioning, calming, self-soothing, non-nutritive sucking
-Developmental positioning to minimize alterations in tone, prevent contracture, minimize reflexes
-Provide optimal positioning for visual, social, fine, gross and cognitive development

94
Q

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A

-Prematurity causes pulmonary immaturity and deficiency of surfactant
-Low surfactant and production results in increased surface tension, alveolar collapse, diffuse atelectasis and decreased lung compliance
-Treatments includes administering surfactant , oxygen supplementation , assist ventilation and ECMO ( extracorporeal membrane oxygenation)
- Fetuses begin to produce surfactant between weeks 24 and 28. By 34 weeks most babies have enough naturally produced surfactant to keep the alveoli from collapsing

95
Q

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)

A

-Chronic lung disease→ persistent areas of increased densities on chest radiographs
-VLBW and ELBW infants require ventilation
- Increased airway resistance→ Lots of work to breathe
- Pathophysiology→ interstitial fibrosis resulting from alveolar collapse
- If the baby still has to be on supplemental O2 by 36 weeks they have BPD

96
Q

Intraventricular Hemorrhage (PIVH)
Grades 1-4

A

Grade 1= isolated germinal matrix hemorrhage
Grade 2= IVH with normal sized ventricles
Grade 3= IVH with acute ventricular dilation
Grade 4= IVH with hemorrhage into the PV-white

Main ischemic lesion of an infant caused by necrosis of the white matter surrounding the ventricle
Watershed zones/major blood vessels / a lot of vulnerability

97
Q

Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE)

A
  • Disorder of reduced umbilical cord blood supply
  • Lack of glucose to the brain
  • results in energy failure
  • oxidative stress
98
Q

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

A
  • Group of problems that can arise if the mother does opioid drugs/cannabis during pregnancy
  • Child can have increased impulsivity, hyperactivity, destructive behaviors, memory dysfunction, decreased IQ
  • Adolescents have a higher rates of drug use , decreased concentration, decreased memory, depression, schizophrenia, anxiety disorder
  • A score 8 or higher on the test the kid will need intervention and follow up
99
Q

Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)

A
  • An acute inflammatory disease of the bowels
  • Occurs most frequently in the first 6 weeks of life (BW <2000g)

Symptoms:
- vomiting
- Abdominal distension
- Bloody stool
- Lethargy

Treatment:
- Broad spectrum antibiotics

Surgical treatment:
- NG tube placement for intestinal decompression
- G-tube placement
- Resection and diversion of necrotic bowel

100
Q

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)

A

-Condition of the very low birth weight and extremely low birth rate
-Potentially blinding eye disorder for infants born before 30 weeks gestation
- One of the most common causes of sight loss, life long blindness, visual impairment

101
Q

Hyperbilirubinemia (Jaundice)

A

-The accumulation of excessive amounts of bilirubin in the blood
- Part of the red blood cell found in bile and broken down in the liver
- In premature babies the liver is still immature and that’s why the skin color changes
- If not taken care of can move to the brain and cause CP

102
Q

Neonatal Seizures

A

-Most frequent and distinct neurological sign
-90% occurs in the first 5-15 days
Caused by:
-HIE
-IBH
-anatomical defects
-hypoglycemia
-Drug withdrawal

103
Q

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FAS-D)

A
  • Alcohol rapidly crosses the blood brain barrier and the placenta of the fetus
  • Syndrome #1 cause of cognitive deficits in the child
  • Growth deficiency
  • Cardiac defects
    -Microcephaly
  • Dysmorphology
104
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

A
  • PDA should close within 15 hours after birth
  • Ovale should close within 2-3 months after birth
  • Ductus arteriosus can be more problematic since it connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta
  • In premies it can stall out and then surgery is needed to correct the problems
105
Q

Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury (BPI)

A
  • Difficult labor→ Erbs palsy → Klumpke’s palsy
  • Usually a stretch injury
  • Erbs palsy is condition adduction, IR, elbow extension and pronation
    –>Nerve roots C5-C6

-Klumpke’s palsy
–> Nerve roots C8-T1
- Causes Adduction, elbow flexion and claw hand posture interossei of the hand very tight fingers, wrist flexion

Risk factors
-Big babies
-Multiple babies
-forceps breech
- Shoulder first
- Prolonged labor

106
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

-Genetic disorder
- Disorder of mucus → prevents normal functioning of the lungs, pancreas, small intestine, small capillaries in the lungs , bronchi of the lungs
-CF affects how salt and water move into the lungs which affects the glands the make mucus
- Sweat test done in babies

Signs and symptoms :
-Coughing
-Wheezing
-Multiple lung infections
-SOB
-Slow growth
-Big appetite
-Loose stool
-Painful tummies
-Petite kids
Receive lung transplants

107
Q

Shaken Baby Syndrome

A

Triad:
1. Subdural hematoma
2. Encephalopathy
3. Retinal hemorrhage
-Child abuse
-Brain in the cavity of the skull gets hurt causing bruising, swelling, damage

108
Q

What are the 4 main Interventions for Premature babies

A

Encasement/swaddling
Graded sensory motor input
Non-nutritive sucking
Positioning : prone, supine, side-lying, sitting

109
Q

Supine positioning in premature babies

A

Supine→ early WB through the LEs→ towel rolls to decrease the effects of reflexes→ facilitate use of UEs for object exploration, visual regard

110
Q

Side-lying positioning for premature babies

A

Side-lying → scapular protraction and trunk elongation, working on subtle WS→ disassociating the upper and lower trunk using a BOB reaction → ideal for HR, RR, BP, O2 saturation (QUIZ QUESTION) → dampens tonic reflexes → better cranial modeling→ proven to help with weight

111
Q

Prone Positioning for premature babies

A

Prone→ stretches the hip and knee/rectus femoris→ facilitates active extension and head control→ eye hand awareness and proprioception → breathing may be difficult —> not possible with ventilator babies and cardio-pulmonary issues → improved hip positioning→ nice cranial molding

112
Q

Sitting positioning for premature babies

A

Sitting Up right → Active head control→ trunk control→ Wb through spine, UE, LE→ Frees hands for exploration → Disassociation of trunk with UE and LE → Gentle WS with elongation → visual regard changes (tracking) → cognition usually smarter and can see the world through a different perspective

Pediatrics Fall 2024 (2 decks)

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