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PA/POL 206 > Unit 1 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 1 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Monolith Myth

A

The government doesn’t know everything about everyone

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2
Q

Government Growth Myth

A

Federal Employment per thousand had decreased by 33%

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3
Q

Government Inefficiency Myth

A

Checks and Balances are designed to regulate the branches of gov’t and as a consequence slow it down

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4
Q

Leviathan by Proxy

A

The government works through private organizations that care about the specific public work though they don’t operate under the same rules as the government and can get away with more

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5
Q

Pendleton Act

A

1883 law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons

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6
Q

civil service

A

A system of hiring and promotion based on the merit principle and the desire to create a nonpartisan government service.

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7
Q

Red Tape

A

complex bureaucratic rules and procedures that must be followed to get something done; outdated

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8
Q

Phases in American Public Administration

A

Rank of Least to Most Public Administration
*1789-1829: Government by Gentlement
*1829-1883: Government by the Common Man
*1883-1906: Government by the Good
*1906-1937: Government by the Efficient
*1937 - 1955: Government by the Administrators

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9
Q

1789-1829: Government by Gentlement

A

*Washington
*The main considerations were fitness of character, integrity and high social standing. Job qualifications meant little
*Little to no P.A.

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10
Q

1829-1883: Government by the Common Man

A
  • Jacksonian Democracy- Jobs by connections
    *Exchange
    *Patronage
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11
Q

1883-1906: Government by the Good

A

First manifestation of a career in civil service
- Get a job with skills
Mutually competent: separating politics from work

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12
Q

1906-1937: Government by the Efficient

A

Scientific Management, the best way for production, and government jobs were studied

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13
Q

1937 - 1955: Government by the Administrators

A

*Government by professional managers
- a person required to have a sound knowledge of relevant principles, practices, and procedures applicable to a professional discipline or field of work
*High P.A.

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14
Q

Politics-administration dichotomy

A

the separation of political decision-making from administrative policy implementation
- political institutions

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15
Q

How Chief Executives influence

A

Presidential budget
- If there is bad blood, everything is going to be denied
- priorities: how they’re going to spend their money
Elected officials that run the boards
Executive orders:
- Bypassing the legislative branch
Veto power

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16
Q

How Legislature influences

A
  • (house and senate, councils and commissions)
    -formal legal authority over agencies
    -confirm the appointees
    -creat the agencies
    -political oversight
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17
Q

Different Types of Organizations/Agencies

A

Executive Departments:
- Cabinet
secretary of state, treasury, defense, etc.
- Independent Bodies
EPA, NASA, etc.

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18
Q

Home Rule

A

power delegated by the state to a local unit of government to manage its own affairs

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19
Q

Dillion’s Rule (1868)

A

states that local governments do not have any inherent sovereignty and instead must be authorized by state governments that can create or abolish them

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20
Q

Tenth Amendment

A

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

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21
Q

Strengths of Federalism

A

Provides strength of union; allows flexibility to community differences; facilitates political access & participation

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22
Q

Historical phases of federalism

A

Dual
- Functions + responsibilities of federal and state gov. are separate

Cooperative
- National, state and local gov. work together to solve problems
- Spurred by the New Deal

Creative
- Joint planning and decision making at all levels of gov.
- Creating a singular “great society”
- States push back a little bit - tension between states and rural areas
- Federal govs. bypass states and go directly to cities

New
- Nixon
- Return autonomy to the states while maintaining federal funding
States control how the money is spent
- Direct relations between the federal and state gov.

New New
- Reagan
- Slowed down Federal Grants to States
- Too much state dependence on Federal Grants

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23
Q

Theory of Fiscal Federalism

A

How we think about the role of the federal government and intergovernmental transfers
- Each government has a role to play
- Federal inducements: If you want this money do this

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24
Q

Perogative view of Executive Power

A

“Many things there are which the law can by no means provide for; and those must necessarily be left to the discretion of him that has the executive power in his hands.” (Locke, 1690)
- Lincoln
- He had the ability to operate outside of the constitution when necessary

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25
Q

Social solidarity rationales

A

Vulnerable populations
- Laws in place to protect those who don’t have power
- Child labor laws
Values-based
- Texas prisons: “It’s not uncommon for them to get 120-130 degrees in there with the high degree of humidity”
Intergenerational solidarity
- What do we do now for future generations
- Climate change - overly hot summers

26
Q

regulatory burden

A
  • Created by “bad” rules
  • Arbitrary enforcement of regulations
  • Costs of compliance
  • Lack of a level playing field
27
Q

How Courts influence

A

Marbury v Madison
- Established judicial review; the court can rule something as unconstitutional

Chevron
- Established administrative deference - when policies are complex it is ok to defer to agency expertise
- Cause tension because they are unelected bureaucrats making policy decisions

28
Q

Rationale for the Executive Office

A

provide the president with advice

29
Q

political machine

A

A party organization that recruits voter loyalty with tangible incentives and is characterized by a high degree of control over member activity

Barry Goldwater- bring back a limited government

30
Q

Challenges of metropolitan governance

A

fragmentation, city-country consolidation, regional governance

31
Q

Federalism

A

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

32
Q

Unitary Government

A

A centralized government in which all government powers belong to a single, central agency.

33
Q

strengths of unitary government

A

National direction is clear, institutional duplications are avoided
issues of fairness in raising and spending money do not arise

34
Q

Marble Cake Federalism

A

Conceives of federalism as a marble cake in which all levels of government are involved in a variety of issues and programs,

35
Q

Layer Cake Federalism

A

federalism characterized by a national government exercising its power independently from state governments.

36
Q

Mandates

A

terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants

37
Q

Devolution Revolution

A

The effort to reduce the size & power of the federal government by returning (devolving) power to the states. Associated with economic conservatives, President Reagan & the Tea Party.

38
Q

Williamsburg Resolve

A

A statement from Republican Governors that sought to reverse the trend of sending power from states to the federal government

39
Q

Public Choice Theory

A

leave cities fragmented because they each do it differently which creates a market and people can vote with their feet by moving to the jurisdiction they think does it best

40
Q

Agenda Setting

A

Determining which public-policy questions will be debated or considered.

41
Q

Decision-making

A

attempting to select the best alternative among several options

Rational- uses logical steps: define a problem, set goals, evaluate alternatives, and recommend policy options

Incrementalism- Politically negotiated process with multiple solutions and marginal changes instead of wholesale changes

42
Q

Implementation

A

The process of putting a law into practice through bureaucratic rules or spending.

43
Q

Evaluation

A

An effort to judge the extent and efficiency of a program’s accomplishment and find ways to improve it.

44
Q

street-level bureaucrats

A

A phrase referring to those bureaucrats who are in constant contact with the public and have considerable administrative discretion

45
Q

Kingdon’s streams theory

A

3 parallel lines of problems that bend together in a policy window of opportunity
- Act independently until something happens and bring them together

46
Q

punctuated equilibrium

A

Pattern of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change

47
Q

Conservative view of Executive Power

A

“The president can exercise no power which cannot be fairly and reasonably traced to some specific grant of power or justly implied and included within such express grant as proper and necessary to its exercise.” -Taft
His hands are tied by rules and procedures
- This is a good thing

48
Q

Sources of Power

A

External
- Interest groups, media,
- External sources of power pushing on bureaucracy

Internal
- Influence decision-making within an organization
- Charisma
- expertise
-reputation

49
Q

regulation

A

the use of governmental authority to control or change some practice in the private sector

50
Q

the need for regulations

A

To regulate businesses and industries for the public good/health

51
Q

Market Rationales

A

Monopolies
Information asymmetry
- Varying levels, especially with consumers, about information
- Narrows with technology
Externalities
- We bear the costs of business, so forcing regulation on them helps us
- Environmental pollution
Public goods and common pool resources
- Econ 200
- Halibit issues

52
Q

Rulemaking

A

The process by which an administrative agency formally adopts a new regulation or amends an old one.

53
Q

State and Local Regulations

A
  • Local zoning laws
  • “The New Urbanization” Approach to intermingling residential and commercial buildings because the spread out layout was sustainable - Ambler
  • Local growth and development plans
54
Q

Components of a Regulatory Regime

A

Standard Setting -> Behavior Modification -> Information Gathering

55
Q

neutral competency

A

get job through merit and stay out of politics

56
Q

Principal Agent Problem

A

we think agencies have more knowledge that us so we trust them but it leaves room for them to sat whatever they want

57
Q

Why does the government change

A

movement and explansion
- 9/11
- development of larger cities
- COVID

58
Q

Federal Inducement

A

you do this for me or no federal grant

59
Q

Pluralism

A

made up of competitive groups with differing idea and power shifts from one group to another
- ex NRA

60
Q

Group Theory

A

sees public policy as the product of a continuous struggle among organized interest groups
- interest groups have influence over agencies

61
Q

Administrative Procedure Act

A

Require agencies to follow rules

62
Q

congressional review act

A

can pull a policy if they can get it through both houses in 60 days

PA/POL 206 (2 decks)

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