Unit 1 Exam

Question 1

enology

Answer 1

making wine

Question 2

lianas

Answer 2

vines that develop woody stems over time

Question 3

herbs

Answer 3

herbaceous self-supporting

Question 4

shrubs

Answer 4

woody self-supporting (smaller)

Question 5

trees

Answer 5

woody self-supporting (big)

Question 6

tender

Answer 6

readily damaged by frost

Question 7

hardy

Answer 7

not easily damaged by frost
flower buds are usually less hardy than leaf buds
roots may also have diff freeze tolerance

Question 8

warm season

Answer 8

squash, lima beans, sweet potato

Question 9

cool season

Answer 9

broccoli, kale, lettuce

Question 10

hydrophytes

Answer 10

grow in water or in continuously wet soils

Question 11

mesophytes

Answer 11

grow in soils that range from wet to dry many times during the year
(most horticultural plants)

Question 12

xerophytes

Answer 12

adapted to seasonal or persistent drought
cacti, some succulents

Question 13

halophytes

Answer 13

adapting to growing with high salt concentrations
beets, spinach, salt-bush

Question 14

acidophiles

Answer 14

blueberries, rhododendrons & azaleas

Question 15

basophiles

Answer 15

coltsfoot

Question 16

annual

Answer 16

seed to seed in one season, then dies

Question 17

biennials

Answer 17

seed to rosette in 1 season
rosette to seed spike in 2nd season then dies

Question 18

winter annuals

Answer 18

germinate from seed in fall and overwinter before producing seed the next spring and die

Question 19

perennials

Answer 19

may take several years to reach reproductive maturity
will produces seeds annual for multiple years without dying (under favorable conditions)

Question 20

how are plant cells different from other cells?

Answer 20

Cell wall enable plants to be rigid and grow tall
cholorplasts help plants make their own food

Question 21

meristems

Answer 21

apical-located at root or shoot tips
intercalary-special type grasses have
vascular cambium-what makes tree rings and expands their trunks

Question 22

epidermis

Answer 22

plant skin, covered by a waxy cuticle, in woody plants is eventually replaced by bark on older tissues, allows for gas and water exchange through stomata, may also have trichomes

Question 23

periderm (bark)

Answer 23

-extra protection
-made from cork cells
-suberin in bark cells repels water

Question 24

phloem

Answer 24

vascular tissue that moves food around plants, living, has fibers for strength

Question 25

xylem

Answer 25

-vascular tissue that moves water up through plant -dead when mature -woody part of plants is old, dead xylem

Question 26

roots

Answer 26

-supports/anchors the plant -takes up water and nutrients

Question 27

adventitious roots

Answer 27

-arise from organs, not roots -essential for some plant propagation -contractile roots -brace or prop roots -holdfasts of vines

Question 28

tuberous roots

Answer 28

-thickened and fleshy for storage -sweet potato and dahlia

Question 29

how do i know it's a root?

Answer 29

no eyes (buds)

Question 30

stems

Answer 30

-have nodes and internodes -have buds

Question 31

buds

Answer 31

-compressed juvenile stems -most have scales, but some don't -terminal -axillary

Question 32

bud arrangment

Answer 32

-alternate: 1 bud per node -opposite: 2 bud per node -whorled: 3+ per node

Question 33

modified stems

Answer 33

tubers (potatoes) corms (gladiolus, crocus) bulbs (mostly leaves; onion) rhizomes and stolons runners crown spur suckers water-sprouts tendrils thorns, spines, prickles

Question 34

organs: leaves

Answer 34

where photosynthesis takes place

Question 35

leaf arrangement

Answer 35

1=alternate leaf arrangement 2= opposite leaf arrangement 3+= whorled leaf arrangement

Question 36

leaves simple:

Answer 36

the lead blade is not divided

Question 37

leaves compound

Answer 37

the leaf blade is divided into leaflets

Question 38

leaves venation

Answer 38

palmate and pinnate

Question 39

venation: what if the leaflets have leaflets?

Answer 39

-bipinnately compound -each leaflet is pinnately compound -each leaflet has pinnate venation

Question 40

are evergreen needles leaves?

Answer 40

- YES - Can also be awl like or scale like

Question 41

leaves-upper epidermis-mesophyll

Answer 41

palisade layer, spongy

Question 42

bracts

Answer 42

right below flower may be larger and colorful

Question 43

fall color

Answer 43

-chlorophyll is lost -xanthophyll (yellow), carotene (orange) becomes visible _anthocyanins (red, purples) intensify, especially with sunny days and cool nights

Question 44

abscission (leaf falling)

Answer 44

shorter days or stress triggers suberin forms an abscission layer, leaf falls easily

Question 45

juvenility

Answer 45

juvenile plants cannot flower, even under the correct conditions

Question 46

juvenility can last a few weeks to many years; triggers

Answer 46

age (week to years) size temperature (usually cool)

Question 47

flower parts

Answer 47

-all of the petals=corolla -all of the sepals=calyx -nectaries