unit 1 exam Flashcards
allusion
a reference to another work of famous figure (most often to the bible or mythology) that is assumed to be known by the reader
alliteration
the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words that are close to one another, for example “beautiful blossoms blooming between bushes”
analogy
a comparison of two similar but different things, usually to clarify actin or a relationship. ie comparing the work of a heart to that of a pump
assonance
the repetition of vowel sounds between different consonants ie “my words like silent raindrops fell”
diction
word choice
types: archaic, colloquial, jargon, profanity, slang, trite, vulgar
figurative language
language that contains figures of speech in order to create associations that are imaginative rather than literal ie antithesis, apostrophe, hyperbole, litotes, metaphor, metonymy, personification, simile, symbol, synecdoche, understatement
foreshadowing
the use of a hint or clue to suggest a larger event that occurs later in the work
imagery
words or phrases that use a collection of images to appeal to one or more of the 5 senses in order to create a mental picture ie visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory, tactile, kinetic
irony
a situation or statement in which the actual outcome or meaning is opposite to what was expected
verbal: sarcasm
situational: the opposite of what is expressed occurs
dramatic: audience knows but character doesnt
major persuasive techniques
ethos: establishes credibility
logos: logical form, organized
pathos: appeals to emotion
message/purpose
what the author is trying to convey and why
metaphor
a figure of speech in which one thing it referred to as another ie “,y love is a fragile flower”
onomatopoeia
the use of words that sound like what they mean ie hiss, boom
parallelism
the technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses, or larger structures by placing them side by side and making them similar in form ie “of the people, by the people, and for the people”
personification
the attribution of human qualities to a nonhuman or an inanimate object
plot/meaning
sequence of events in a story
plot line: a graphic representation of at the action or events in a story, usually appearing in this order: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution
repetition
repeating a word or phrase to create a sense of rhythm ie “the only changes that are going on are going on in me”
rhetorical questions
- writers purpose
- his/her consideration of the audience
- the exploration of the subject
- arrangement and organization of the ideas
- style and tone of the expression
- form
rhyme scheme
iambic/trochaic
how many feet
rhyming last words ABBA etc
rhythm
authors use of flowing ideas
setting
time and place of action of a story
simile
a figure of speech that uses like, as, or as if to make a direct comparison between two essentially different objects or qualities ie”the sky looked like an artists canvas”
suspense
anxiety or fear in the reader resulting from uncertainty or mystery in a story
symbol
a person, place, event, or object that represents an idea ie the turtle in the grapes of wrath
tone
the narrators attitude toward the subject. almost always identified w an adjective such as humorous, joyful, cynical, angry, bitter, or mocking DO NOT confuse tone w mood: a narrator could speak in a bitter tone about a subject but the overall mood of the story could be humorous
“sinners in the hands of an angry god”
Purpose: to scare people into changing the way they think and live
Use of parallelism, imagery, alliteration, 2nd person (elevates himself)
Ethos: multiple biblical allusions, evidence of experiences of his past, talking on behalf of god, asks rhetorical questions to challenge audience
Logos: rhetorical q, exclamation, alliteration, metaphors, similes
Pathos: everyone is sinner
“the crisis”
Purpose: calling all people to fight for their freedom, they must retaliate to anyone that hurts them no their amount of authority -emphasis w bolder words -speaking as we -allusions -metaphors -rhetorical q -imagery Logos: god will save them because they have tried to do good Pathos: fight for kids Ethos: credibility
“speech in the virginia convention”
Pov: addressing opposition to presidents rule, providing evidence of what will happen
Logos: starts w questions and leads into him finally addressin great concern, goes from I to we
-allusions
-rhetorical q
-exclamations
“letters from an american farmer”
Purpose: to encourage people to come from Europe to America, justification for leaving
Pathos: through his own relatable struggles
Logos: shares his reason and answers for leaving his country
Ethos: provides evidence of his credibility thought personal struggle
-repetition of new and America
-use of exclamation towards America
-similes
-imagery of different people
-metaphors
“the legend of sleepy hollow”
Ethos: disclaimers provides primary source witnessed events
Tone: creepy, shadowy, eerie, peaceful, tranquil, haunted
-allusions to Achilles and mercury-greek
“the birthmark”
Use of metaphors, similes, personification, allusions
“the masque of the red death”
Colors repetition
“the pit and the pundulum”
Imagery
“to my dear and loving husband”
Speaker: woman to her husband 1st person Tone: boastful, loving Structure: 1stanza Personifies: rivers, mines, east Iambic pentameter Rhyme scheme: AABBCCDDEEFF Figurative language: metaphors Theme: intense love of husband
“verses upon the burning of our house”
Subject: house is burning, weaned affections, Puritan
Speaker: 1st person
Structure: 1 large stanza, rhetorical questions, caps of distress, god, his, candle, architect, him,
-metaphors, similes, imagery
Use of apostrophe
Rhyming couplets-4 feet
“the chambered nautilus”
-physical progression of nautilus is similar to spiritual progression of human
Something beyond heaven, something more to strive for
“thanatopsis
Purpose: death is an opportunity, not something to fear,
Personifies nature,
Imagery: death, coffins, nature, earth
Rhetorical questions- question everyone asks themself when approaching death
Goes from physical qualities to abstract,
Lists 5 kinds of people
The earth gains. Strength from your body
“the tide rises, the tide falls”
Speaker: 3 rd person present tense omniscient observer
Tone: repetitive, habit, ritual, calm, like tide
Rhythm: iambic, mirrors waves
Symbols: nature
Personification of waves, morning, darkness, sands
Message: life constantly moves
“the psalm of life”
Subject: the end is not death, make a difference
Speaker: 1st person, wise, encouraging
Tone: spontaneous, anxious, inspirational,
Use of exclamations, capitalization of time, life, future, past, present
Meter: trochaic uneven tetrameter
Rhyme: ABABCDCD etc
Use of metaphors
Use of some similes
Imagery: footprints, sailing
