Unit 1 Exam - 1,2,33,34,35 Flashcards
Which level of biological organization is composed of several tissues?
Organ
A physician specializes in surgery involving the following group of organs: mouth, esophagus, stomach and intestines. Overall, what is the highest level of organization that this physician is specialized in?
Organ System
Which sequence correctly lists the different levels of biological organization, from the smallest and simplest to the largest and most complex?
Cells - Tissues - Organs - Organ Systems - Organism
Which statement about living organisms is NOT correct?
A. Living Organisms create energy
B. Living Organisms maintain homeostasis
C. Living Organism Reproduce
D. Living Organisms have adaptations
E. Living Organisms grow and develop
A. Living Organisms create energy
Organs are composed of tissues, which are composed of cells. This is an example of which characteristic of life?
Living things have levels of hierarchical organization.
All the birds called cardinals in a forest would comprise a(n):
population
All the banded sunfish in a pond would comprise a(n)
population
Jennifer wants to use the brand of fertilizer that gives her the most tomatoes from each plant. She breaks her plants into groups and uses a different brand of fertilizer on each group. What would the experimental/independent variable be?
brand of fertilizer
Jennifer wants to use the brand of fertilizer that gives her the most tomatoes from each plant. She breaks her plants into groups and uses a different brand of fertilizer on each group. What would the response/dependent variable be?
amount of fruit produced by the tomato plants
Jeff wants to know what concentration of bleach would be most effective at killing bacteria without overdoing it and using too much bleach. Jeff makes 3 solutions of bleach ins after, 1, 5, and 10% solutions. He then adds a specific number of bacteria to a test tube of each solution and waits 3 minutes. He puts these bacterial on a petri plate and later counts colonies to see how many bacteria survived. In this experiment, the number of bacteria that were killed would be:
response/dependent variable
Jeff wants to know what concentration of bleach would be most effective at killing bacteria without overdoing it and using too much bleach. Jeff makes 3 solutions of bleach ins after, 1, 5, and 10% solutions. He then adds a specific number of bacteria to a test tube of each solution and waits 3 minutes. He puts these bacterial on a petri plate and later counts colonies to see how many bacteria survived. In this experiment, the concentration of the bleach would be:
experimental/independent variable
Which statement regarding the scientific method is FALSE?
A. A theory is an explanation of why a pattern occurs
B. Confounding variables make experiments difficult to interpret
C. Deductive reasoning is often used in the design of an experiment
D. A control group is always exposed to the factor being tested
D. A control group is always exposed to the factor being tested
When researchers test a new human cancer drug using mice, the mice constitute the:
Model
In the antibiotic experiment in the textbook, what is the independent variable?
Whether or not the patient gets one of the antibiotics or placebo
Which of the following is a way to control for confounding variables in the antibiotic experiment covered in the textbook?
A. Using many replicates
B. Allowing the person doing the endoscopies to know which subjects are controls
C. randomly assigning test subjects of different groups
D. both A and C are true
E. All of the above are true
C. Both A and B are true
A. Using many replicates
C. Randomly assigning test subjects
Which of the following is a way to control for confounding variables in the antibiotic experiment covered in the textbook?
A. using too many replicates
B. using a double blind study design
C. randomly assigning test subjects to different groups
D. all of the above
D. All of the above
A. using too many replicates
B. using a double blind study design
C. randomly assigning test subjects to different groups
Which of the following statements about the strengths of science is false?
A. Science is publicly understandable
B. Scientific theories can change as new data become available
C. Scientific theories, k once found to be true, are always true.
D. Science is capable of making measurable predictions
C. Scientific theories, once found to be true, are always true
Emerging diseases enter the human population due to:
new interactions with other organisms that can then act as vectors of disease
What is an example of “Organization?”
Cutting open many leaves from trees and examining them under a microscope you find the tissues for photosynthesis are always in the middle Layer with a protective layer of cells surrounding that leaf
What is an example of “acquiring materials and energy?”
Leaves take the energy from sunlight and perform photosynthesis, storing that energy in chemical bond on carbon atoms taken from the air.
What is an example of “Homeostasis?”
When you drink a large amount of water you have to urinate more often
What is an example of “response to stimulus?”
A moth sees a streetlight at night time and flies towards the light
What is an example of “growth and development?”
A Caterpillars metamorphoses into a butterfly
What is an example of “Adaption through evolution?”
Timer rattlesnakes, are ambush hunters found in Arkansas forests. When they are very still in the leaves on the forest floor, they are nearly impossible to see due to the colors and markings on their skin.
What is a plant bending towards a light an example of?
Response to stimulus
The atomic mass of an element:
is determined by the number of protons and neutrons it contains
If an element has an atomic number of 12 then
the atom has 12 electrons
Isotopes of a given element have
the same number of protons but differ in atomic mass
A covalent bond is
a sharing of electrons between two atoms
When an ionic bond forms, electrons are
transferred from one atom to another
Which type of bond formation is responsible for the properties of water?
hydrogen
Which statement regarding acids and bases is correct?
A. Acids increase the pH and bases decrease the pH
B. Acids increase the proportion of hydrogen ions (H+) and bases reduce the proportion of (H+)
C. Acids are harmful, but bases are not harmful
D. Acids combine with bases to form sugars
B. Acides increase the proportion of hydrogen ions (H+) and bases reduce the proportion of (H+)
Since pure water is neutral in pH, it contains
neither hydrogen ions (H+) nor hydroxide ions (OH-)
The lower the pH…
the greater the hydroxide ion (OH-) concentration
Water is a liquid at room temperature. This is due to..
hydrogen bonding between water molecules
You notice that rain water forms “beads” on your car. This is an example of what property of water?
Cohesion
Which of the following molecules is inorganic?
A. CH4
B. CO2
C. C6H22O12
D. C6H6
B. CO2
Organic molecules…
always contain hydrogen
___ is a polysaccharide that is found in plant cell walls and accounts for their strength
Cellulose
Glycogen is a…
Polysaccharide use to store glucose/energy
When two glucose molecules combine they form a disaccharide molecule and
a water molecule
Maltose is classified as a
carbohydrate
Which of the following types of lipids is the most abundant constituent of cell membranes?
A. cholesterol
B. Phospholipid
C. Triglyceride
D. fat
B. Phospholipid
Which of the following fats can be found in the human diet have the highest correlation with heart disease?
A. Phospholipids
B. Steroids
C. Unsaturated Fats
D. Saturated Fats
E. Trans Fats
D. Saturated Fats
Cholesterol is a component of cell membranes and is an example of which type of lipid?
Steroids
The ___ structure of a protein consists of the sequence of the amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.
Primary
A genetic mutation can cause a change in the sequence of the 20 amino acids used to build proteins. Such a change is a change to the protein’s ______
Primary structure, but this will likely alter higher levels of the structure as well
Hemoglobin is a protein composed of two pairs of polypeptide chains. What is the highest level of protein structure represented by hemoglobin?
Quaternary
What type of bond will connect the amino acids in a protein?
Peptide
What type of reaction is necessary to produce a dipeptide from individual amino acids?
Dehydration Reaction
Nucleic Acids are polymers of
Nucleotides
Which of these combinations would be found in a nucleotide?
A. base-acid-salt
B. adenine-thymine-uracil
C. base-sugar-phosphate
D. DNA-RNA-nucleus
E. sugar-protein-fat
C. Base-sugar-phosphate
What is the functional group “NH2?”
Amino group
What is the functional group “-OH?”
Hydroxyl group
What is the functional group “-CH3?”
Methyl Group
What is the functional group “-PO4?”
phosphate group
Which of the following statements is NOT true about fixed action patterns (FAPs)?
A. All the members of a species perform the exact same sequence of behaviors
B. The behavior pattern is stereotypes
C. The fixed action pattern is considered to be initiated by a sign stimulus
D. FAPs require learning
B. The behavior pattern is stereotypes
Male goats will attempt to mate with goats who resemble the female goat who raised them. This is an example of..
Imprinting
Imprinting is of benefit to organisms because it allows them to..
recognize a member of their own species
Learned behavior that causes a family of baby ducks to follow their mother is called
imprinting
A farmer buys a duck egg and hatches it in an incubator. The baby due, duckling follows the farmer every places possible after hatching. This is an example of…
Imprinting
To train an animal, you try to reward each instance of desired behavior. In this very way, you can eventually get pigeons to play ping-pong. This system of reward, where animals are given a reward each time they respond correctly, usually in a. boxlike environment is called
operant conditioning
A female peacock spider will only choose a mate with the proper markings and who performs the proper mating ritual. This is an example of…
Sexual selection
Male elk may earn the right to mate with female elk by battling other males with their antlers. This is an example of…
intrasexual selection
Natural selection might favor altruistic behaviors in closely related individuals because it..
increases the frequency of the altruistic individuals’ genes in the next generation.
A nephew has a genetic relatedness of ___ to an uncle?
1/4
Siblings who are not identical twins have a genetic relatedness of ___?
1/2
A child has a genetic relatedness of ___ to a parent?
1/2
First cousins have a genetic relatedness of ____?
1/8
Why should a female butterfly choose a vibrantly colored male for mating?
Brightly colored males are healthier and more likely to produce healthy offspring
The mating strategy in which a female mates with multiple males is called…
polyandry
An example of territoriality is…
A red winged blackbird singing to ward off other males and attract a female to the nest in his fence row.
Which of the following is NOT true about the bee waggle dance?
A. is a tactile form of behavior since it is done in a dark hive and other bees touch the dancing bee to get information
B. It is primarily a visual form of behavior as all dances are
C. The angle the bee moves to gravity communicates the angel a bee must fly compared to the position of the sun to find the food source
D. Bees can use the sun as a compass since they have an internal biological clock that allows them to compensate for the movement of the sun.
A. is a table form of behavior since it is done in a dark hive and the other bees touch the dancing bee to get information
A number of populations of a different species interacting with one another in a natural environment, such as a rotten log, is called…
A community
All the members of the same species that inhabit a particular area are termed a(n)
population
which of the following would be LEAST likely to have an effect on biotic potential?
A. the number of offspring per reproduction
B. how often each individual reproduces
C. how often a male performs a courtship display
D. chances of survival until the age of reproduction
D. chances of survival until the age of reproduction
When the number of births exceeds the number of deaths, this results in
population growth
Under what conditions would one expect a negative population growth rate?
death rate is greater than birthrate
A population expanding at the rate of 2-4-8-16-32-64… etc is in
exponential growth
A population under exponential growth would be graphed with ____ - shaped curves
J
The maximum population that the environment can support for an indefinite period of time is called the…
carrying capacity
Population size is believed to level off at the _____ of an environment
carrying capacity
The carrying capacity of the environment for a species is determined by…
The limited productivity of the environment and the environmental resistance to the biotic potential of the organism
In a species with a type III survivorship curve
many individuals die early in life
Interaction between two species in which one feeds on the other is…
predation
A form of symbiosis in which one participant benefits and the other apparently is not benefited nor harmed is called..
commensalism
A relationship in which two species live very close to each other and have close interactions is
symbiosis
A former symbiosis in which both participants benefit is
mutualism
Which is NOT a density-dependent factor?
A. Food supply
B. Weather
C. Shelter or Nest Space
D. Disease
Weather
A population of 100 butterflies living on an acre of land loses three-quarters of its members when a sudden freeze in the spring occurs just after they emerge as caterpillars. this population has undergone a reduction in population size due to
a density-independent factor
Ecology is best defined as the study of
organisms as they interact with other organisms and with their physical surroundings
All of the organisms living in your front yard represent a(n) ______. while the blue jays represent a(n) ______.
community: population
Consider that a species of salmon lays 20,000 eggs per pair when it spawns and dies. At the end of five years, an average of one pair of mature salmon from this group of hatched eggs returns again to spawn in the parent stream (19998 have died.) What is the per capita rate of increase?
zero, because there is exact replacement of the previous generation
Which of the following is NOT a form of environmental resistance?
A. limited food supply
B. accumulation of waste products
C. number of offspring produced per litter
D. predation
E. limited living space
number of offspring produced per litter
A population age structure diagram in which the birthrate is high and the population is mainly young would be best represented by a graph with a(n)
pyramid shape.
The demographic transition where population growth speeds up and then slows in developed countries is due to a(n)
decreased death rate, followed by a decreased birthrate
Which of the following is a biotic factor in an ecosystem?
A. parasites
B. water availability
C. temperature
D. sunlight
parasites
An ecosystem consists of what two components?
biotic and abiotic factors
In the biosphere which of the following is NOT constantly recycled?
A. carbon
B. nitrogen
C. water
D. energy
energy
Ecologists have found that
energy flows one way through an ecosystem and requires an external input
Energy flow in an ecosystem is NOT cyclic because energy is
no longer useful when it is converted to heat
Fungi and bacteria are detritus-feeders also known as
decomposers
Animals that feed on both plants and other animals are called
omnivores
What only eats plant foods?
Herbivores
The primary consumers that feed directly on green plants are called
Herbivores
Which type of organism produces food in an ecosystem
autotroph
Which kind of organism would be most likely to perform photosynthesis
autotroph
The first step in the use of carbon by living organisms occurs in
green plants
Which of the following is NOT a carbon reservoir?
A. living organisms
B. dead organisms
C. coal
D. ammonium and nitrates
ammonium and nitrates
which of the following statements is false regarding the carbon cycle?
A. Terrestrial plants take up carbon dioxide from the air
B. Aquatic plants exchange carbon dioxide directly with the atmosphere
C. Algae produce food for themselves and for heterotrophs
D. When organisms respire, a portion of carbon is returned to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide
E. The amount of bicarbonate in the water is in equilibrium with the amount of carbon dioxide in the air
Aquatic plants exchange carbon dioxide directly with the atmosphere
Atmospheric carbon serves as
An exchange pool for carbon that is available to plants for photosynthesis
A carbon atom starts as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. It is brought into a sugar molecule by a plant. The sugar is eaten by a deer and is converted back to carbon dioxide in a deer mitochondrion. The carbon dioxide is then exhaled back to the atmosphere through what parts of the carbon cycle did it pass
exchange pool to living organism to living organism to exchange pool
Which of the biogeochemical cycles involves bacteria move chemicals into or out of the exchange pool?
Nitrogen and Carbon
Given that the most nutrients can dissolve into water, which of the following statements is FALSE?
N2 dissolves into water droplets and is carried to the earth to be used by producers
When a plant produces food by photosynthesis, why is the fate of food stored as sugars, starches, etc.
A portion of the food is used by the plant itself in cellular respiration and the rest is consumed. by animals or by decomposers
Energy flow in an ecosystem is NOT cyclic because energy is
no longer useful when it is converted to heat
Inverted ecological pyramids can occur in what habitat
ocean shorelines with algae
which of the following organisms would be considered a decomposer?
A. mushrooms
B. green algae
C. plant
D. caterpillar
Mushrooms
How are omnivores, carnivores and herbivores similar?
They are all consumers and produce carbon dioxide
Once a nutrient enter an ecosystem it
can cycle endless in that ecosystem
True or False: A bird that lives in a forest is a part of the forest ecosystem
True
Ecological pyramids shows the relative
biomass at each level
