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Biology 112 > Unit 1: evolution and speciation > Flashcards

Unit 1: evolution and speciation Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

organismic biology

A

the study of organisms, their biology (structure, genetic information, etc), and evolution

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2
Q

the 3 domains

A

eukarya, bacteria, prokaryote

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3
Q

hierarchies

A

groups for classification
organized from molecules to biosphere

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4
Q

atoms

A

the smallest unit of life, they make up molecules. Has a nucleus surrounded by electrons

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5
Q

organs

A

large collections of tissues to support the bodies functional systems, individually having their own functions

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6
Q

molecules

A

made of atoms and are held together by covalent bonds where electrons are shared

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7
Q

organelles

A

made of molecules, and have one or more jobs to perform and exist in the cell.
Ex: chloroplasts and mitochondria

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8
Q

cells

A

cells are unit of structure in all living things. Some organisms are unicellular and others are multicellular

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9
Q

tissues

A

Made of thousands of cells and are necessary to all living things because they make up the organs.
Grouped together with similar cells w similar functions

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10
Q

organ system

A

Systems of more than one organ working together to achieve a common goal
Ex: cardiovascular system, digestive system

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11
Q

organisms

A

made up of living cells. some have tissues and organs (animals) while others do not (plants)

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12
Q

population

A

a group of organisms not of the same species living in a specific area

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13
Q

communities

A

similar to a population, it’s a group of various different organisms all interacting in an ecosystem

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14
Q

ecosystems

A

The physical environment and all its organisms (living and non-living) within it

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15
Q

biosphere

A

a collection of all ecosystems representing the earths zones

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16
Q

emergent properties

A

properties that have come to exist in all organisms bc of different forces acting in each other

17
Q

reductionism and systems science

A

Both are examples of emergent properties

reductionism: analyzing a large system by breaking it down
systems science: analyzing a large system by focusing on its complex interactions within

18
Q

cell theory

A

all living things are made of cells, and cells are the basic unit of life

19
Q

prokaryotic

A

single celled organisms that do not have a membrane bound nucleus
domains bacteria and archaea

20
Q

eukaryotic

A

multicellular organisms with a membrane bound nucleus
domain eukarya (humans and animals)

21
Q

chromosomal theory of inheritance (DNA and RNA)

A

states that genes are on chromosomes, and inherited traits are controlled by these genes

22
Q

theory of evolution by natural selection

A

Made by Darwin. Over time species will evolve to have more favorable traits, through natural selection, therefore allowing for better chances of survival

23
Q

testability

A

whether or not an experiment can be tested to prove the hypothesis correct or incorrect

24
Q

hypothesis

A

an “if… then…” statement developed solely on observation to make an educated hypothesis that can be tested to be proven correct or incorrect.

25
Q

deductive reasoning

A

a form of thinking that goes from general topics to specific results using observations, questions, hypotheses, predictions, and tests

26
Q

inductive reasoning

A

opposite of deductive reasoning. Goes from using specific details and observations to reach a general conclusion

27
Q

Cuvier

A

a geologist who came up with catastrophism

28
Q

Catastrophism

A

Curvier’s idea: the large-scale of extinctions and species repopulate from other areas

29
Q

Hutton

A

A geologist who believed in gradualism

30
Q

gradualism

A

Hutton’s idea: small changes collectively added up to gradually change geological features

31
Q

Lyell

A

Made Hutton’s idea of gradualism popular and incorporated it into his idea of uniformitaranism

32
Q

Uniformitarianism

A

Lyell’s idea: Idea that the earth is very old and evolved through the process of numerous small changes at the same rate as in the past

33
Q

Lamarck

A

Proposed a mechanism for evolution

34
Q

Inheritance of acquired characters

A

Lamarck’s idea: species evolve due to their surroundings and predators, and with each generation those characteristics are acquired more and more

35
Q

thomas malthus

A

Predicted that food resources will become limited for humans and some will not survive. Darwin took malthus’s idea to his own research.

36
Q

fossil record

A

order of fossils and extinct species supporting the idea of evolution

Biology 112 (3 decks)

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