Unit 1: Ethics

Question 1

What is ethics?

Answer 1

The study of moral ideas, values and principles that we use for our judgements.

Question 2

The 3 types of ethics are:

Answer 2

Metaethics: investigates the origin of ethical concepts and how we interpret them.
Normative ethics: the study of main principles that affect how we live and how the world should be.
Applied ethics: focus on everyday lives of people and not hypotheticals. Confronts dilemmas head on subjectively and objectively.

Question 3

Metaethics:

Answer 3

investigates the origin of ethical concepts and how we interpret them.

Question 4

Normative ethics:

Answer 4

the study of main principles that affect how we live and how the world should be.

Question 5

Applied ethics:

Answer 5

focus on everyday lives of people and not hypotheticals. Confronts dilemmas head on subjectively and objectively.

Question 6

a statement about the world can be interpreted true or false says…

Answer 6

Cognitivism

Question 7

Moral claims about the world cannot be true or false says…

Answer 7

Non-Cognitivists

Question 8

There is no fact that a statement is wrong but only a command relating to an action says…

Answer 8

Prescriptivism

Question 9

Who is considered the father of non-cognitivism?

Answer 9

David Hume
Believed that moral virtue and Vice didn’t exist but were instead feeling s that we spread over the world

Question 10

Who Believed that moral virtue and Vice didn’t exist but were instead feeling s that we spread over the world

Answer 10

David Hume

Question 11

The morality of an act is determine by the feeling we get when thinking about the act says…

Answer 11

Non-cognitivists (HUME)

Question 12

Who thought of why we should be moral?

Answer 12

Plato
Considered nature of justice to be important. Everyone has the ability to act justly depending on what scaly justly means to them. We need to establish the nature of good to know wether certain actions are bad.

Question 13

Who Considered nature of justice to be important. And says.. Everyone has the ability to act justly depending on what scaly justly means to them. And also believed.. We need to establish the nature of good to know wether certain actions are bad.

Answer 13

Plato

Question 14

What are the 4 major areas of normative ethics ?

Answer 14

Virtue theory (Plato)
Divine command theory
Utilitarian
Duty (Kant, deontology)

Question 15

What did Aristotle believe?

Answer 15

We strive for external possessions, goods of the body and soul.
The most important was the goods of the soul because it’s the highest part of man. What we consider as good isn’t identical.
The aim of every action leads to a corresponding good (virtue)
Our ethics was based upon practicing virtue.

Question 16

What is divine command theory?

Answer 16

Holds principles that guide our behavior come from gods will.
Alternative to good was to sin and goal of morality to obtain eternal salvation

Question 17

What is utilitarian theory?

Answer 17

States that the right act produces best consequences for all. Whatever produces happiness or eradicate the pain.

Question 18

Who is considers the father of utilitarian theory?

Answer 18

Jeremy Bentham
Believed an act was moral if it produced the greatest happiness for greatest number of people.

Question 19

Who Believed an act was moral if it produced the greatest happiness for greatest number of people. ?

Answer 19

Jeremy Bentham

Question 20

What is duty theory?

Answer 20

The rightness and wrong of an action speedster from its consequences. Focus on duty ethics.

Question 21

Who created the law “categorical imperative” to rationally guide our actions?

Answer 21

Emmanuel Kant
Believed it was important to act rightly and with a good will towards your duty.

Question 22

Who Believed it was important to act rightly and with a good will towards your duty.

Answer 22

Emmanuel Kant

Question 23

Contemporary normative ethics formed a new form of thinking called

Answer 23

Formalism
Our pursuit of personal interests or the common good does not constitute the ultimate horizon of morals
Does not focus on context of law but it’s form

Question 24

Communitarianism..

Answer 24

States individuals live in social frameworks and their ethics are influenced by that framework
Ethics is based on communities traditions and cultural institutions

Question 25

Applied ethics…

Answer 25

Everyday lives of people
Ethics based on our own experiences and values