Unit 1 - Enlightenment Flashcards
Monarchy
Rule by king
Government
System for controlling society
Aristocracy
Rule by nobles
Cleisthenes
Enacts more reforms
Balance power between rich and poor
Direct democracy
Citizens could propose laws
Democracy
Rule by the people
Pericles
Increased # of paid jurors
Enabled poorer citizens to participate in government
Reforms of Solon
Citizenship based on wealth not heredity
Council of 400
Twelve tables
Enforced written law code carved on tables
Legacy of Rome
Written legal code applied to everyone fairly
Patricians
Aristocratic landowners (hold most power)
Plebeians
Common farmers artisan merchants w the right to vote
Roman law
Believes law based off reason and justice
Citizens had equal treatment
Innocent until proven guilty
Law that’s unfair set aside
John Locke
Natural and human right
Life liberty and property
Montesquieu
Separation of powers
Created 3 branches of governernment
Voltaire
Freedom of thought and expression
Made fun of religious intolerance
Beccaria
Civil rights including abolishment of torture
Voltaire
Religious freedom
Hobbes
Social contract
People give up rights for good ruler
Mary Astell
Against inequality of marriage
Mary Wollstonecraft
Published an essay called A Vindication of the Rights of Women in 1972
Adam Smith
Individuals acting on their own towards the economy
Wanted to end mercantilism have more free trade
More secular outlook
Ppl began to focus on themselves instead of the church
Emilie du chatelet
French aristocrat who trained in physics and math
