unit 1 english lan

Question 1

Name function of language

Answer 1

6 functions:
Referential
Emotive
Conative
Poetic
Phatic
Metalinguistic.

Question 2

Referential function

Answer 2

One of the main functions of language, the referential function is the sharing of
information with an intended audience. This information may or may not be true, but the language user presents the message as factual and objective, commonly using declarative sentences

Question 3

Emotive function

Answer 3

The emotive function allows users to express emotions and desires. It’s
sometimes referred to as the expressive function. This function usually relates to the addresser and their presentation of emotion - real or not.The purest demonstration is thorugh an interjection(YAY)

Question 4

Conative function

Answer 4

The conative function typically involves directions, questions and commands. Messages with a conative function aim to cause the addressee (the audience) to react in some way.That anything that has intention to make you do an action or persuade you.A sentence may sound referential inrelation to function however may serve as conative function as it is indirectly making you so smth.

Question 5

Poetic function

Answer 5

The poetic function focuses on the formation ofthe message itself, rather than on the addresser or addressee. It is sometimes referred to as the aesthetic
function because it concerns the beauty or wit of the text’s composition.

Question 6

Phatic function

Answer 6

Texts that have a phatic function are designed to create and maintain social
connections between the addresser and the addressee. These messages tend to be somewhat meaningless outside a social context and the focus is on the contact.

Question 7

Metalinguistic function

Answer 7

A text that has a metalinguistic function describes language itself, such as using
the metalanguage ‘nouns’ and ‘vowels’.The metalinguistic function allows speakers to check whether they have been
understood or are using the right code (type of language) for the conversation

Question 8

Register

Answer 8

describes the way in which an addresser intentionally alters their language to better suit tje situation.IT can involve all features of language formality.

Question 9

Tenor

Answer 9

refers to the relationship between the participants communicating with each other.
dependeds on:
the proffesional role
status between speaker whather they are equal or not
strangers or not

Question 10

feild

Answer 10

very braod topic

Question 11

morpheme

Answer 11

small unit of linguistic meaning of funtion

Question 12

morphology

Answer 12

the study of internal structure of words and the process which words are formed

Question 13

root (morpheme)

Answer 13

capture primary meaning of words

Question 14

free morpheme

Answer 14

can stand alone as a words

Question 15

bound morpheme

Answer 15

rely on root or stem to make word

Question 16

dervitional

Answer 16

creates a new word, with different meaning, from the stem or root aattached to it.

Question 17

inflectional

Answer 17

is a bound morpheme that attaches grammatical
properties to a word, such as tense (in verbs), number (in nouns) or possession
(in nouns and pronouns). Inflectional affixes don’t affect the fundamental
meaning or form of the root word.

Question 18

Text type

Answer 18

advertisements letters poems
cartoons liturgies
political
debates
novels
commentary
emails
plays
radio broadcasts
lectures
podcasts
reports

Question 19

lexicon and lexeme

Answer 19

its complete
set of meaningful units

one unit of
meaning, usually a word,

Question 20

Subject description (type of pronoun)

Answer 20

Replaces a noun or noun phrase that is
in the subject position in a sentence

Question 21

Object (type of pronoun)

Answer 21

Replaces a noun or noun phrase that is
in the object position in a sentence

Question 22

Reflexive (pronoun)

Answer 22

Contains the suffix ‘-self’ or ‘-selves’;
used to refer to another noun or pronoun
in the same sentence. Can demonstrate
that someone is doing something alone,
without any assistance from others, and
can also be used as an intensive pronoun
(a pronoun that emphasises the subject
of a sentence)

Question 23

Interrogative (tyoe of pronoun)

Answer 23

Used to introduce a question.
Interrogative pronouns include ‘what’,
‘which’, ‘who’, ‘whom’ and ‘whose’.

Question 24

Verbs(v)

Answer 24

Critical in conveying information, verbs express actions, states or occurrences
At the highest level, you can consider verbs as representing actions in relation
to time -that is, past, present and future (marked by a modal auxiliary).

Question 25

Infinitives

Answer 25

he infinitive form of a verb allows the verb to be used as a noun, an adjective
or an adverb. Infinitives are generally formed by adding the word ‘to’ before the base form of the verb. We often use the infinitive to discuss actions that haven’t actually occurred yet(to go)(to help)(to eat)

Question 26

Auxiliary verbs

Answer 26

An auxiliary verb is a ‘helping’ verb - one that supports the main verb of a sentence
primary auxiliary:tenses that werent conveyed by the inflectional morphemes on main verb.3 primary auxiliary verb BE, HAVE and DO.
Modal auxiliary verbs:show possibility CAN COULD WILL WOULD SHALL WOULD

Question 27

Adverbs

Answer 27

Adverbs help to describe, modify or qualify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs and whole phrases or sentences. They answer questions such as ‘When?’, ‘Where?’,
‘How?’, ‘How often?’, ‘How long?’ and ‘How much?’

Question 28

preposition

Answer 28

expresses a relationship between a noun and another word, phrase or element in a sentence. In a way, it ‘sets up’ (pre) a ‘position’
between two elements, in relation to time, space (both conceptual and spatial)
and location.

Question 29

Determiners

Answer 29

A determiner is a word that’s placed in front of a noun and helps to clarify the noun, specify quantity or indicate possession.
Article:the,a,an
Quantifier:all, a lot, many, most, much, some
Demonstrative:this, that, these, those
Posssessive:my, your, her, his, its, our, their

Question 30

interjection

Answer 30

a word or phrase that expresses feelings, and sometimes requests or demands.(oh my!)

Question 31

types of sentences:

Answer 31

Declarative-A declarative sentence is framed as a statement of fact; it declares something.

Interrogative-Interrogative sentences are framed in the form of questions, ending with a
question mark

Imperative-Imperative sentences act as commands, instructions or requests.

Exclamative-Exclamative sentences express emotions such as fear, excitement or surprise.

Question 32

simple sentence

Answer 32

Simple sentences contain a single clause that consists of a subject and a
predicate. The clause contains all ofthe information required to convey meaning

Question 33

sentence structure names

Answer 33

simple, compound, complex, compound-complex and fragment.

Question 34

Compound sentences

Answer 34

Compound sentences consist of two or more independent clauses that are joined together using a coordinator.

Question 35

Compound-complex sentence

Answer 35

Compound-complex sentences are a combination of compound sentences and
complex sentences. These sentences contain at least two independent clauses
that have been joined by a coordinator and at least one dependent clause that’s been joined by a subordinator.

Question 36

Complex sentences

Answer 36

A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and at least one
dependent clause. The dependent clause is created by joining it to the
independent clause using a subordinator

Question 37

fragment

Answer 37

Sentence fragments are incomplete sentences - missing either the subject or the predicate. However, the fragment still makes sense within the text as a whole.
Examples
I can’t even.
Eat. Sleep. Rinse. Repeat
(no complete clauses)

Question 38

prosodic features

Answer 38

Pitch (women tend to have high pitch)(lower when we wish to sound serious or authoritative)
intonation
stress
tempo
volume

Question 39

connected speech processing

Answer 39

vowel reduction: vowel sounds change
and the quality is consequently reduced
The initial and final
/e/ vowel sounds are reduced to a schwa: a short, unstressed sound represented
elision-omission of unstressed vowel
insertion:Consider how a speaker would naturally say ‘Anna ate a pancake’: ‘ate’
assimilation:make sound similar to the neighbouring one.